Institute for Legislative Analysis

Martin Heinrich

The Sen. Tim Kaine (R-VA) amendment #429 to the "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024" prevents the President from withdrawing the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) unless approved by a two-thirds vote of the senate or an act of Congress. The amendment is largely directed at threats President Trump has made about withdrawing the country from NATO unless the member countries meet their obligations to contribute two percent of their GDP towards defense. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this ill-conceived amendment handicaps the ability of the executive branch, regardless of party, administration, or sitting president, to negotiate and hold NATO members accountable. American taxpayers are being forced to shoulder unfair financial burdens due to other countries failing to contribute their agreed upon amounts.

Handicapping a Future Trump Administration from Negotiating and Pulling the U.S. Out of NATO if Other Member Nations Fail to Make their Contributions.

The Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) amendment #926 to the "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024" prohibits the sale of emergency crude oil within the United States' strategic petroleum reserve to four adversary nations unless doing so serves a national security interest or is approved by Congress. The four nations are China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea. The bill is largely in response to actions taken by the Biden Administration, which have drained the reserves to their lowest level since 1983. Support is the Limited Government Position as, while the sale of taxpayer resources should be maximized, oil represents a critical national security resource, and U.S. reserves should not be drained in order to build up the stockpiles of our adversaries.

Prohibiting the Draining of the U.S. Strategic Oil Reserve to Bolster Adversary Nations

The Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) amendment #1359 to the Minibus Appropriations Package corrects a practice whereby veterans lose their Second Amendment rights if they seek assistance from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to have their financial affairs managed. Currently, when a fiduciary is appointed to help manage the financial affairs of a veteran, the VA automatically reports the veteran to the FBI's National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) and the veteran looses their right to have a firearm. This amendment prevents the automatic revocation of Second Amendment rights by instead requiring a judge to rule the veteran is a danger to themselves or others with a firearm. Support is the Limited Government Position as Veterans should not be forced to choose between receiving assistance with their finances or losing their Second Amendment Rights through this poorly devised, one-size-fits-all policy.

Ensuring Veterans don't Lose their Second Amendment Rights if they Seek Assistance to Manage their Finances at the VA.

The Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) amendment #1237 to the Minibus Appropriations Package prohibits funding of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) rule titled ''Adoption of Energy Efficiency Standards for New Construction of HUD- and USDA-Financed Housing''. This HUD rule subjects housing projects financed or subsidized with federal funds to meet much more stringent energy efficiency standards. Support is the Limited Government Position as the new energy efficiency mandates imposed by HUD unnecessarily drive-up housing and taxpayer costs in order to advance a politicized climate change agenda.

Reducing Housing and Taxpayer Costs by Nullifying a Biden Administration Rule Imposing More Stringent Energy Efficiency Standards on Government Subsidized or Financed Housing.

This resolution introduced by Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a rule issued by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau titled "Small Business Lending under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". This rule implements a section of the Dodd-Frank Act and requires banks to collect and report data on race, ethnicity, and sex across 81 fields. The sponsor noted this rule imposes a significant additional cost on lenders and creates privacy concerns for small businesses that do not want such information made public. Support is the Limited Government Position as this Biden Administration rule further worsens the draconian regulatory framework of Dodd-Frank, while unnecessarily driving up lending costs and infringing privacy rights.

Combatting Regulatory Overreach by Nullifying Biden Administration Rules Forcing Banks to Report and Publish Additional Data Pertaining to Race, Ethnicity, and Sex.

The Sen. J.D. Vance (R-OH) amendment #1210 to the Minibus Appropriations Package prohibits the Department of Transportation (DOT) in Fiscal Year 2024 from imposing any mask mandate on train or airline passengers in response to COVID-19. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure strengthens individual liberties by allowing citizens to determine how best to cope and protect themselves from COVID-19, which has been around for over 3 years. This measure also ensures that Congress - which is accountable to voters - sets masking policy as opposed to unaccountable government employees within the DOT.

Protecting Individual Liberties by Preventing the Dept. of Transportation from Imposing COVID-19 Mask Mandates in FY 2024.

This resolution introduced by Sen. Markwayne Mullin (R-OK) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a rule issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service titled"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Northern Long-Eared Bat". The rule changed the classification of the northern-long eared bat from "threatened" to "endangered" under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) due to the population suffering from an outbreak of white-nose syndrome. According to the sponsor, the Biden administration rule "is an example of the ESA being used to stifle development rather than its intended purpose, which is to protect species from human-caused harm". Support is the Limited Government Position as the rule results in a disproportionate regulatory burden imposed by unaccountable bureaucrats who will empower radical environmental groups to shutdown development and infrastructure expansion through much of the continental United States.

Protecting Property Rights by Nullifying an Overreaching Biden Administration Rule Concerning the Northern-Long Eared Bat on the Endangered Species Act.

This resolution introduced by Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a rule issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a rule that placed population segments of the lesser prairie chicken on either the "threatened" or "endangered" list of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The classifications have an impact on farming and ranching activities. Support is the Limited Government Position as the rule results in a disproportionate regulatory burden imposed by unaccountable bureaucrats who weaken property rights and drive-up costs for farmers and ranchers.

Protecting Property Rights by Nullifying an Overreaching Biden Administration Rule Concerning the Lesser Prairie Chicken on the Endangered Species Act.

This resolution introduced by Rep. Andrew Clyde (R-GA) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a rule issued by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives titled"Factoring Criteria for Firearms With Attached Stabilizing Braces". Under the rule, pistols with a stabilizing brace attachment would be reclassified as short-barreled rifles, and subject to additional regulations. Additionally, gun owners who fail to register their pistols with stabilizing braces with the ATF could face ten years in jail and hefty fines. Support is the Limited Government Position as James Madison and our nation's other founding fathers understood that the right to keep and bear arms is a crucial individual liberty and protects the citizenry against a tyrannical government. This measure weakens Second Amendment and privacy rights of law-abiding citizens while doing nothing to deter criminals from continuing to engage in unlawful behavior.

Strengthening Second Amendment Rights by Nullifying a Biden Administration Rule that Subjects Pistols with a Stabilizing Brace to Additional Regulations and Registration Mandates.

This resolution, introduced by Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE), utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the Environmental Protection Agency rule titled "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". The rule, covering commercial trucks imposes much stricter emissions standards covering nitrogen oxides and other air pollutants, including particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. According to the sponsor, the rule "saddles the trucking industry with an onerous regulation" and that "the prices of newer vehicles will escalate, incentivizing truckers and businesses to hold onto their older, higher-emitting trucks". Support is the Limited Government Position as the rule imposed by bureaucrats within the Biden administration represents regulatory overreach and unnecessarily hike truck prices in order to promote a politicized climate change agenda.

Nullifying an Onerous Truck Emission Regulation Imposed by the Biden Administration that Results in Significant Commercial Vehicle Price Hikes.

This bill, the "Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023", raises the $31.4 trillion U.S. debt ceiling through January 1, 2025. The bill is estimated to allow for $4 trillion in additional debt while providing roughly $1.5 trillion in discretionary spending reductions over ten years, which may or may not be fully realized. The bill also paves the way for a natural gas pipeline from West Virginia to Virginia and claws back some funding, which was provided to the Internal Revenue Service to hire additional employees. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as the budgetary gimmicks within the bill provide little, if any, significant reduction in spending, merely continuing the country's march to a financial collapse. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing a U.S. Financial Collapse by Lifting the Debt Limit without Enacting Any Significant Fiscal Restraints to Stop the Deficit Spending.

The Sen. Mike Braun (R-IN) amendment #91 to the Fiscal Responsibility Act adds a "No Default" provision to the bill. According to the sponsor, the amendment "removes the drama from debt ceiling negotiations by allowing the Treasury to continue to pay necessary obligations after an "X date" but will automatically cut 1% of discretionary spending every 30 days (not including entitlements) until Congress makes a deal, giving Congress an incentive to make a budget to avoid cuts to policy priorities from both parties." Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure serves as a step in the right direction to restore fiscal sanity to Congress. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Preventing Future Debt Limit Defaults by Enacting Automatic Cuts in Discretionary Spending.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #107 to the Fiscal Responsibility Act replaces the bill's spending caps with a "Five Penny Plan" which caps and balances the budget within five years and limits the extension of debt to $500 billion. According to the sponsor, this plan is the "conservative alternative" that would reduce spending by $303 billion in the first year alone. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure represents an excellent pathway to restoring fiscal order to Congress. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Restoring Fiscal Sanity through a "Five Penny Plan" that Makes Significant Cuts in Spending and Balances the Budget within Five Years.

The Cruz amendment #4927 to the "Further Additional Extending Government Funding Act" prohibits the use of federal funding for schools and early childhood development facilities that enforce COVID-19 vaccine mandates on children. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure helps protect individual liberties by ensuring it is parents - not government - making the medical decision on whether or not to vaccinate their child against COVID-19.

Protecting Individual Liberties and Parental Rights by Prohibiting Federal Funds from Being Used to Enforce COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates on Students.

The Braun amendment #4930 to the "Further Additional Extending Government Funding Act" prohibits the advancement of any budget resolution that does not reach a balanced budget within 10 years, unless approved by a two-thirds vote of the senate. Support is the Limited Government Position as the country can't afford to financially sustain the ever-growing budget deficit that has now grown to $1.4 trillion. Significant spending cuts must take place across government in order to reverse our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Reigning in the $1.4 Trillion Annual Budget Deficit through a "Balanced Budget Amendment".

The "Further Additional Extending Government Funding Act" funds the federal government through March 11, 2022 and serves as the third short-term continuing resolution passed since early October. Without passing a continuing resolution, a partial government shutdown would occur, providing advocates of fiscal responsibility greater leverage in budget negotiations. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as forcing a hard deadline on budget negotiations raises awareness of the nation's out-of-control spending and helps hinder passage of other wasteful spending measures such as the COMPETES act. Substantial cuts must be made to the budget to eliminate the $1.4 trillion deficit and begin the process of paying down our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Avoiding Fiscal Responsibility through the Continual Passage of Short-Term Government Funding Bills

This joint resolution terminates the national emergency concerning COVID-19 declared by the President on March 13, 2020. As a result, a number of temporary government powers are eliminated, such as the authority of employees within the Center for Disease Control and Prevention to impose mask mandates on public transportation. Support is the Limited Government Position as the start of the pandemic shutdowns was over two years ago and Americans have since adapted to protecting themselves from COVID-19 and future variants. The termination of the national emergency not only signals a return to normalcy but also eliminates powers that have been abused by some government employees during the pandemic.

Reigning-in Government Power by Terminating the Federal COVID-19 National Emergency Declaration After 2 Years.

The Scott amendment #6540 to the "Further Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2023" rescinds the $70 billion in funding provided to the Internal Revenue Service under the "Inflation Reduction Act of 2022" to hire an additional 87,000 agents. Furthermore, the amendment repeals the $600 threshold implemented under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which triggers IRS notification on transactions through platforms such as Paypal, Cash App, and Venmo, and instead raises the threshold to $20,000. Support is the Limited Government Position as this significant growth in the size of the IRS raises serious concerns over unjust harassment and auditing, especially at an agency with a troubled past concerning politicized actions. Additionally, the extremely low $600 surveillance threshold unduly infringes privacy rights and protections against searches and seizures enshrined under the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution.

Rescinding Funding for 87,000 Additional IRS Agents and Protecting Americans from Undue Surveillance by Restoring the IRS Transaction Threshold to $20,000 from $600.

The "Further Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2023" funds the federal government through December 23, 2022, as opposed to January 2023 when a new congress will be sworn in following the November election. Such an action will result in members of congress who lost their election, but are still sitting in office (a concept commonly known as "lame duck"), to set government funding for the next year, rather than the next congress.  Oppose is the Limited Government Position as allowing lame duck members of congress to set funding levels - especially with a holiday deadline - will likely result in greater irresponsible spending. Budgets should be set by sitting members of congress, the individuals who are held accountable by the voters, not members who are on their way out of office.

Paving the Way for Irresponsible Spending Through the Second CR which Allows the Lame Duck Congress, Not the New Congress, to Set Government Funding.

The Paul amendment #6561 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023" requires 67 Senators to waive a budget point of order instead of 60 under the "pay-go rules" which require any new spending to be offset. As a result, it will be more difficult to pass massive omnibus spending packages that add to the deficit. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure will at least increase the difficulty to advance horrendous spending packages that have become a common occurrence over the past few years. However, even greater measures and large spending cuts must take place across government in order to reverse our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing Fiscal Responsibility by Requiring a Two-Thirds Vote (Instead of Three-Fifths) to Override the "Pay-Go Rules" which Require Any New Spending to be Offset.

This motion on the "Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act" defeats a change to the Senate rules, thereby protecting the "filibuster" or the requirement of 60 votes to invoke cloture (end debate) and advance most legislation. Due to the political make-up of the senate (50-50 party split with VP Kamala Harris the tie-breaking vote), the elimination of the filibuster, coupled with Democratic party control over the House of Representatives, significantly increases the likelihood of Democratic policy priorities. Support is the Limited Government Position as the elimination of the filibuster would allow for the passage of policy that would unprecedently expand the size and scope of government.

Blocking an Unprecedented Expansion of Government by Preserving the Senate Filibuster Rule.

The Johnson amendment #6555 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", which funds government through fiscal year 2023, eliminates hundreds of pages of earmarks within the spending package. These earmarks, which total $9.8 billion represent pet projects that individual members of congress have added into the bill. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure will at least slightly decrease the horrendous level of wasteful spending within the bill. However, much larger spending cuts must take place across government in order to reverse our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Protecting Taxpayers by "Cutting the Pork" in the Budget through the Elimination of All Earmarks within the 2023 Funding Package.

The Johnson amendment #6559 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", which funds government through fiscal year 2023, would prevent border management funds from being utilized by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to transport Migrants within the U.S. unless to a deportation location or detention facility. The amendment is in response to a leaked DHS plan wherein the agency would pay to transport individuals who entered the country unlawfully to destinations away from the border and deeper into the U.S. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as, despite the need to grow the U.S. economy through reforms to the immigration system that increase the number of skilled individuals who may enter and work in our country, the promotion of an open-border immigration system places an immense drain on U.S. infrastructure and taxpayer resources ranging from welfare to the education system, while also creating serious law enforcement and national security issues.

Strengthening National Security by Prohibiting DHS from Utilizing Taxpayer Funds to Transport Immigrants that Enter the Country Unlawfully to Destinations Further Within the U.S.

The Cassidy amendment #6558 to the massive lame duck spending bill, known as the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", implants the language of H.R. 1065 "Pregnant Workers Fairness Act" into the bill. This provision makes it an unlawful employment practice if an employer with 15 or more employees fails to provide a series of new benefits and accommodations to a pregnant employee or job applicant. For example, a cause of action can be brought against an employer if they fail to provide additional break periods, require an employee to take leave due to a pregnancy limitation if a reasonable accommodation could be provided, or do not provide certain amenities, such as a stool to sit on during the workday. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as employers are already incentivized to establish safe and productive work environments and this government overreach into the private sector unnecessarily exposes employers to new avenues of frivolous litigation that may be advanced by deviant plaintiffs\' attorneys.

Exposing Employers to Frivolous Litigation by Creating Multiple New Avenues for Plaintiff's Attorneys of Pregnant Workers to Sue for Alleged Discrimination.

The Merkley amendment #6595 to the massive lame duck spending bill, known as the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", places a series of new regulations on private companies concerning accommodations for breastfeeding up to a year after the birth of an employee's child. For example, employers must provide reasonable break times and a shielded location other than a bathroom for employees to express breast milk. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as employers are already incentivized to establish safe and productive work environments and this government overreach into the private sector unnecessarily exposes employers to new avenues of frivolous litigation that may be advanced by deviant plaintiffs\' attorneys.

Imposing Overreaching New Federal Mandates on the Private Sector Concerning Workplace Breast Feeding.

The Gillibrand Amendment #6607 to the massive lame duck spending bill, known as the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", provides an additional $1 Billion to the World Trade Center Health Program. This program, which currently has over 100,000 enrollees, provides compensation for health conditions that individuals may develop who were near the Twin Towers on 9/11 or sometime over the following 9 months, including first responders, residents, workers, teachers, students, tourists, etc. Due to the benefits of the program, such as compensation for physical and mental health conditions - including loss of income and pain and suffering that may have been incurred from the event - the trust fund continues to run low on funds and outpace expected expenditures. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as first responders and workers who spent substantial time assisting with the clean-up of the tragedy deserve care for the health complications that they sustained due to their work. However, this well-intended program has instead been abused at the expense of both victims and taxpayers by greedy plaintiffs' attorneys who search for any individual who may have briefly been in the vicinity during the months following the event, and then work to extract non-economic damages. Additional funding should not be provided to this program until reforms have been implemented to stop this abuse.

Providing an Additional $1 Billion to the 9/11 Compensation Fund without Desperately Needed Reforms to Prevent Continued Cash Grabs by Law Firms.

The "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", which was passed on December 23, 2022 funds government through the rest of fiscal year 2023. The package is over 4,000 pages long and included numerous earmarks, ultimately amounting to $1.7 trillion in spending. Spending increases included 5.5% in domestic spending and 10% in defense spending. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this measure was voted upon only days before the new congress, which would likely have significantly cut spending within the bill due to Republicans taking control of the House. The bill also contained nearly $50 billion in additional spending on Ukraine (without safeguards to prevent corruption), bringing the year's total to $113 billion - totaling more than half the size of Ukraine's entire pre-war economy.

Bypassing the New Congress by Ramming Through $1.7 Trillion in Spending in the Final Days of the Lame Duck Session.

The Johnson instruction for the senate conferees to the "United States Innovation and Competition Act (USICA)" requires the conferees to eliminate any provisions within the final version of the bill that prohibit the possession, acquirement, receipt, transportation, sale, or purchase of mink raised in captivity in the United States for fur production. The motion is in response to actions taken in the House to ban mink farms due to allegations that they increase the spread of COVID-19. Support is the Limited Government Position as a blanket ban on all mink farming represents government overreach, especially considering the fact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has called the reported cases of infected mink, hamsters, and deer spreading the disease rare occurrences. While there is a role of government to combat clear and deliberate cases of animal cruelty and abuse, such actions should be carefully tailored to only address bad actors.

Blocking a Proposed Overreaching Ban on "Mink Farming" Based on Allegations of Increased COVID-19 Transmission Risks.

This bill, the "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024", lays out how the Pentagon will be funded for the next year and includes $886 billion in defense spending. Most notably, this conference version of the bill removes Republican provisions that end Pentagon practices that facilitate abortion, enable taxpayer-funded sex reassignment surgeries, and promote Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) in the armed forces. Furthermore, the bill reauthorizes the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which has been utilized to conduct surveillance on Americans without a warrant, including President Trump's previous campaign for president. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as Pentagon funding should be contingent on both a full audit, due to reports of tens of billions of taxpayer funds being "misplaced", and safeguards that protect funds from being utilized for politicized and other improper purposes. The FISA reauthorization violates the protections provided to Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Authorizing a Defense Bill without the Removal of Countless Radical Left Policies Surrounding Abortion, Transgenderism, Critical Race Theory, and Civil Liberty Violations.

This motion waives (defeats) Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) Point of Order to the "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024". The Point of Order removes the extension of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) from the bill. This section of FISA has been utilized to conduct surveillance on Americans without a warrant, including President Trump's previous campaign for president. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this motion helps strengthen civil liberties. The reauthorization of this FISA section violates the protections provided to Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Weakening Civil Liberties by Maintaining the FISA Provision within the NDAA, which has Allowed the Warrantless Surveillance of the Trump Campaign and Thousands of Other Americans.

This bill, the "Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act" serves as a short-term "CR" that funds government for another 45 days, delaying an otherwise imminent government shutdown to right before the holidays. While this CR contains no funding for Ukraine, it does provide $16 billion in additional federal disaster funds - $10 billion more than previously negotiated - and the full amount sought by President Biden. The CR follows previous funding proposals by Republicans, which contained conservative policy items like border security and spending cuts. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this "kick the can down the road" approach weakens the ability of conservatives to obtain meaningful spending cuts. The measure shifts negotiations to right before the holidays when history has shown (as recently as the previous year) lawmakers refuse to make any spending cuts or shutdown government. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Harming the Ability to Negotiate a Fiscally-Responsible Budget by Passaging a CR that Delays a Government Shutdown to Right Before the Holidays.

This bill, a stopgap spending bill known as a "Continuing Resolution" funds government for another 45 days, delaying an otherwise imminent government shutdown to right before the holidays. This CR also contains $6.15 billion in additional funding for Ukraine and $6 billion in federal disaster relief funding. The CR follows previous funding proposals by Republicans, which contained conservative policy items like border security and spending cuts. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this "kick the can down the road" approach weakens the ability of conservatives to obtain meaningful spending cuts. The measure shifts negotiations to right before the holidays when history has (as recently as the previous year) lawmakers refuse to make any spending cuts or shutdown government. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Fueling Out-of-Control Spending by Providing $6 Billion in Additional Funding to Ukraine and Passing a Short-Term CR that Weakens the Chance of Passing a Responsible Budget.

This bill, "making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2024", is a "CR" that funds portions of government through January 19, 2024 or February 2, 2024, depending on the department. The CR does not contain provisions demanded by conservative lawmakers, such as spending cuts or border security measures. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this "kick the can down the road" approach weakens the ability of conservatives to obtain meaningful spending cuts. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Continuing Out-of-Control Spending through a CR Without Any Fiscal Restraints or Border Security Measures

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #1366 to the continuing resolution would reduce funding by 15 percent (except for the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs) and rescind $30 billion for the enforcement funds provided to the IRS as part of President Biden's Inflation Reduction Act. Support is the Limited Government Position as this amendment serves as a step in the right direction to restoring fiscal sanity in Congress. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing Fiscal Responsibility through a 15% Cut in Spending within the Short-Term CR Government Funding Bill.

This "Minibus" appropriations package provides a year of funding for certain government agencies and functions including veterans affairs, agriculture, transportation, housing and military construction . The package includes several "historic" spending hikes in a range of areas including military construction and government welfare programs surrounding housing. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this bill represents yet another example of fiscal insanity. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Fueling Out-of-Control Spending through a Minibus Appropriations Package with "Historic" Levels of New Welfare Spending and Enormous Agency Budgets.

The Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) amendment #1121 to the Minibus Appropriations Package adds the "Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny" (REINS) Act to the package. The REINS Act would require Congress to affirmatively approve every new major rule proposed by the executive branch before it is permitted to become effective. The sponsor noted that in 2022 the Biden Administration imposed an additional $117.1 billion in additional regulatory costs onto the U.S. economy. Support is the Limited Government Position as the REINS Act places a critical check on unaccountable executive branch bureaucrats who have enormous powers to control the daily lives of Americans.

Placing a Critical Check on the Regulatory Power of Unelected Bureaucrats through the REINS Act.

The Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) amendment #1249 to the Minibus Appropriations Package enforces a provision of a treaty made between the United States and Mexico in 1944. Specifically, the amendment requires water negotiators to press Mexico to meet the 350,000 acre-feet of water the country committed to provide American farmers in the Rio Grande Valley. Support is the Limited Government Position as lawmakers should ensure any treaty commitments by foreign nations to the U.S. are enforced and upheld. Failure to do so not only weakens the standing of the United States abroad, but, in this case, harms American farmers, as they face a severe drought.

Protecting U.S. Standings Abroad and American Farmers by Enforcing a Treaty Commitment with Mexico.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #1217 to the Minibus Appropriations Package requires an audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal reserve banks. The sponsor noted that the FED effectively controls the economy but has completely unchecked power to print money, purchase government-backed securities, and provide money to favored industries. During the COVID-19 pandemic $5 trillion was added to the Fed's balance sheet, the largest in its over 100-year history. Support is the Limited Government Position as the FED, with its central planning and control over interest rates, presents a dire danger to the economy - especially considering the size of its balance sheet and actions surrounding quantitative easing. While this measure serves as a step in the right direction, lawmakers should work to promote the free competition of alternative currencies by removing regulatory barriers.

Promoting Transparency over the Federal Reserve System by Requiring an Audit of the Unaccountable Entity.

This resolution, introduced by Sen. Bill Casidy (R-LA), utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the rule issued by the Department of Education titled "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Under the rule, the amount students have to repay the federal government for their student loans is reduced by roughly 40 percent, with $156 billion in student loan forgiveness expected to be provided over the next 10 years as a result of the rule. Support is the Limited Government Position as this rule further expands wealth redistribution through higher education. While it is a necessary role for government to provide quality K-12 education, individuals who elect to pursue activities other than higher education - such as those who start their own businesses or work in the trades - should not be forced to pay for others' college tuition. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Combatting Wealth Redistribution by Blocking the Biden Administration's $156 Billion Student Loan Forgiveness Scheme.

This resolution introduced by Rep. Bob Good (R-VA) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the rule issued by the Department of Education on October 12, 2022, that suspends federal student loan payments and discharges debt. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the total cost of the Biden administration's student loan forgiveness plan is between $500 billion and $650 billion. Support is the Limited Government Position as the Biden administration's plan further expands wealth redistribution through higher education. While it is a necessary role for government to provide quality K-12 education, individuals who elect to pursue activities other than higher education - such as those who start their own businesses or work in the trades - should not be forced to pay for others' college tuition. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Protecting Taxpayers by Blocking $650 Billion in Student Loan Forgiveness Authorized by the Biden Administration.

This resolution, introduced by Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS), utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the rule issued by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) titled "Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility". This rule largely undermines the reforms implemented under the Trump administration, reforms that made it less likely that an immigrant is provided permanent legal status if they obtain taxpayer-funded welfare benefits, such as food stamps, housing vouchers, or Medicaid. Under the Biden administration's rule, immigrants can receive a much greater amount of welfare and not be considered a "public charge" (primarily dependent on the government for subsistence), which would negate their application for residency. Support is the Limited Government Position as U.S. immigration policy should be merit-based, wherein residency status is only provided to individuals who are able to fully support themselves and contribute to society. An open border coupled with lavish welfare benefits fuels illegal immigration, which will further bankrupt the nation.

Overturning a Biden Administration Policy that Provides Residency Status to Immigrants who Are Reliant on Government Welfare Programs

This resolution, introduced by Rep. Andrew Clyde (R-GA), overturns the D.C. Council's Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Emergency Amendment Act of 2022. According to the sponsor, the District has lost over 1,000 officers and the D.C. Council's act "gives more power to anti-police activists, allows individual police officers to be targeted by protestors, and strips officers of collective bargaining rights regarding discipline." Support is the Limited Government Position as protecting property rights and ensuring public safety through a well-staffed police force serve as essential components of government. Unfortunately, so-called criminal justice "reforms", like the DC Council's acts have led to skyrocketing crime rates and are being advanced across the nation by George Soros and other left-leaning Billionaires through their funding of advocacy organizations.

Combatting Skyrocketing Crime and Attacks on Police by Overturning the D.C. Council's Dangerous Policing and Criminal Justice Reforms.

This resolution, introduced by Rep. Andrew Clyde (R-GA), overturns the D.C. Council's Revised Criminal Code Act of 2022. The act contained several criminal justice reforms that would cut mandatory minimum sentences and reduced penalties for a range of violent crimes, including carjackings, robberies, and homicides. Support is the Limited Government Position as mandatory minimum sentences are critical measures that help combat the practice of "judge shopping" whereby career criminals attempt to have their cases moved to be heard by the most lenient judge to avoid significant penalties. The D.C. Council's criminal justice "reforms" would lead to skyrocketing crime rates, which has been the case of similar reform policies which have been advanced across the nation by George Soros and other left-leaning Billionaires through their funding of advocacy organizations.

Overturning a Package of Dangerous Criminal Justice Reforms in DC that Weaken Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Fuel Greater Lawlessness.

This bill, the "Fire Grants and Safety Act", sponsored by Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI), reauthorizes grant programs designed to bolster local fire departments through FY 2030. These programs include the Assistance to Firefighters Grants (AFG) Program and the Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response (SAFER) Grant Program at a cost of $2.8 billion. These grant programs were originally created in 2000 as a result of a budget surplus and provided $110 million, but have since grown 18-fold. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as it is the role of state and local governments - not the federal bureaucracy - to provide funding and allocate the resources necessary to ensure fire protection. While fire and EMS are essential government functions, these federal grant programs are rife with waste and cronyism and fail to direct taxpayer funds to where they would be most beneficial and impactful.

Reauthorizing Wasteful Federal Fire Fighting Grant Programs that are Best Handled and Funded by State and Local Governments.

The Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO) amendment #40 to a bill repealing use of military force against Iraq establishes a new Office of the Special Inspector General for Ukraine Assistance. The amendment is designed to correct the current patchwork of oversight by departmental inspectors. Various federal agencies have so far uncovered no cases of fraud with the $113 billion provided to Ukraine, but Ukraine journalists on the ground have been reporting fraud. Support is the Limited Government Position as this bill helps strengthen government accountability. Taxpayer funds should always be properly accounted for and necessary safeguards should be established to protect against waste, fraud, and abuse.

Strengthening Government Accountability by Establishing an Office of the Special Inspector General for Ukraine Assistance.

This resolution, introduced by Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD), removes the deadline for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The ERA was originally proposed in 1972 with a deadline that at least three-fourths of states ratify the amendment by 1982 (which did not occur). The amendment codifies protections from sex discrimination alongside other protected classes such as race, religion, and national origin. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as ratification of the ERA merely provides plaintiff's attorneys with a new tool to advance frivolous litigation. Examples include alleged discrimination and "rights" potentially ranging from taxpayer-funded abortion to special benefits from businesses and government.

Removing the 1982 Deadline for Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment, which would Fuel Frivolous Litigation.

The Sen. Rick Scott (R-FL) amendment #81 to the Fire Grants and Safety Act transfers all remaining unobligated State and local COVID-19 relief funds to offset a portion of the cost of the grants. Support is the Limited Government Position as this amendment serves as a step in the right direction towards spending reprioritization. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing Fiscal Responsibility by Reprioritizing Unspent COVID-19 Funds to Help Pay for the Fire Grants and Safety Act.

The Sen. Bill Hagerty (R-TN) amendment #72 to the Fire Grants and Safety Act restructures FEMA's Emergency Food and Shelter Program. Over the past couple of years, appropriations to this program have grown by nearly five-fold to approximately $1 billion. According to the sponsor, the Board distributing these funds is comprised of the very same organizations receiving these funds. The amendment restructures the board to ensure the individuals sitting on it do not have a conflict of interest. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure strengthens government integrity by correcting a clear conflict of interest, and, as the sponsor stated, "ensure the pitcher is not also the umpire".

Strengthening Government Integrity by Reorganizing a FEMA Program Board to Ensure the Individuals Appropriating $1 Billion in Funds are not also the Recipients of the Cash.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #79 to the Fire Grants and Safety Act prohibits funds from being provided to fire departments that terminated staff for failing to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. Support is the Limited Government Position as this crony grant program should not be reauthorized in the first place as it is the role of state and local entities - not the federal bureaucracy - to fund and determine the best use of fire protection resources. This amendment helps promote the protection of individual liberties by penalizing localities that refused to respect the right of individuals to decide whether or not to obtain the COVID-19 vaccination.

Strengthening Individual Liberties by Penalizing Localities that Terminated Employees for Refusing to Obtain a COVID-19 Vaccination.

The Sen. Ron Johnson (R-WI) amendment #11 to a bill repealing use of military force against Iraq requires any convention or treaty reached with the World Health Assembly be ratified by the Senate. According to the sponsor, the World Health Organization (WHO) is currently drafting a new convention, which grants it significant new powers to manage pandemics. Proposed policies include requiring the U.S. to provide WHO 20% of the vaccines it produces during a pandemic, substantial financial and intellectual property commitments, and a "leading role" in fighting "misinformation". Support is the Limited Government Position as, while it is questionable whether the U.S. should enter into any agreements with the WHO or provide it financial support, any action should be, at the very least, approved by Congress.

Strengthening Government Accountability by Prohibiting the U.S. from Entering into any Agreement with the World Health Organization without Senate Approval.

This resolution introduced by Rep. Sam Graves (R-MO) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the Environmental Protection Agency rule titled "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States'". This Biden administration rule overturned the reforms implemented by the Trump administration and provides the EPA with much more expansive regulatory authority than it was initially granted under the Obama administration. As a result, the EPA's regulatory authority includes not only rivers and wetlands, but ephemeral streams and ditches under the Clean Water Act. Support is the Limited Government Position as the Biden and Obama administrations granted the EPA carte-blanche authority to regulate practically any standing amount of water, which resulted in property rights being infringed and enormous additional costs for landowners.

Strengthening Property Rights by Overturning Biden Administration Regulations Providing the EPA Overreaching Authority under the Waters of the United States Rule.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #3346 to the "Social Security Fairness Act of 2023" would gradually raise the retirement age to reflect current life expectancies, by three months per year until the retirement age reaches 70, and would save the program nearly $400 billion. The amendment will help pay for the cost of the Social Security Fairness Act, which will total $200 billion over 10 years. Support is the Limited Government Position as this fiscally responsible measure helps lengthen the solvency of the Social Security Trust Fund by another year. The program will enter insolvency in 2033 - triggering a 23 percent cut for all seniors.

Improving the Solvency of Social Security by Gradually Raising the Retirement Age to 70 to Offset the Costs of the "Government Shutdown Prevention Act".

The "National Defense Authorization Act" (NDAA) as passed on December 11, 2024, spans 1,800 pages and contains $895.2 billion in spending (a $9 billion increase over FY24 and $120 billion increase since FY20). It should be noted that at this time the Pentagon failed its seventh consecutive audit. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as taxpayers can't continue to pour hundreds of billions of dollars into a broken pitcher. Major reforms must be made within the department of defense to cut waste, fraud and abuse and ensure our armed forces have the resources they need to protect our nation. Note: this custom vote only records Republican positions on the bill on the grounds of spending. Another custom vote records Democrat positions on the basis of DEI and transgender issues.

Passing a Fiscally Irresponsible National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) which Hikes Spending by $9 Billion Despite the Pentagon Recently Failing its Audit.

The "National Defense Authorization Act" (NDAA) as passed on December 11, 2024, spans 1,800 pages and includes key provisions which ban transgender medical treatments for minors and limit diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs in the military. Support is the Limited Government Position as taxpayer funds should not be utilized to promote DEI or provide elective services surrounding gender reassignment, as is the current case with Botox and other procedures designed to improve physical appearance. All such services and costs should be the responsibility of the individuals seeking to obtain them, not U.S. taxpayers. Note: this custom vote only records Democrat positions on the bill on the grounds of DEI and transgender issues. Another custom vote records Republican positions on the basis of spending.

Passing a National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) which Bans DEI and Gender Reassignment Surgeries in the Military.

The "Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025" sponsored by Tom Cole (R-OK) helps avert a shutdown by extending government funding through December 20, 2024. The bill extends disaster relief and contains $230 million in additional funding for Secret Service in response to the two assassination attempts against President Trump. However, the bill does not include a GOP-backed provision requiring proof-of-citizenship when registering to vote. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this bill fails to include a critical provision needed to strengthen the integrity of elections and merely further "kicks the can down the road" on fiscal responsibility. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Extending Government Funding without a Critical Provision to Strengthen Election Integrity or Other Fiscal Restraints through the "Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025".

This resolution sponsored by Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) would enact a "Six Penny Plan" federal budget. The plan would balance on-budget outlays and revenues within five years by cutting six pennies off every dollar projected to be spent in the next five fiscal years. According to the sponsor, the plan would reduce spending by $329 billion in the first year, and accomplishes the balanced budget even with the provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act being made permanent. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure represents an excellent pathway to restoring fiscal order to Congress. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Restoring Fiscal Sanity through a "Six Penny Plan" Federal Budget that Makes Significant Cuts in Spending and Balances the Budget within Five Years.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #3289 to the "Veterans Benefits Continuity and Accountability Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024" would rescind $2.9 billion in Department of Energy loan guarantees to pay for the provisions in the underlying bill. The bill is in response to the PACT Act (also known as the "burn pit bill") that was passed in 2022 and drastically expanded veteran healthcare coverages - which has now created a $3 billion budget shortfall. According to the sponsor, "Which is more important, subsidizing millionaire owners of green energy or paying for veterans' benefits? Why not take one to pay for the other?" Support is the Limited Government Position as the Institute for Legislative Analysis' had correctly noted two years prior that the PACT Act would "create countless avenues for devious plaintiffs' attorneys to advance fraudulent health and disability claims and will likely further overload the VA". This amendment serves as a step in the right direction in covering the cost of the disastrous PACT Act which is expected to cost taxpayers over $700 billion.

Protecting Taxpayers by Reappropriating Wasteful Funding in the DOE to Pay for the Runaway Costs from the Disastrous PACT Act.

The "Right to IVF Act" sponsored by Sen. Tammy Duckworth (D-IL) is a package of previously introduced measures and most notably would establish a new "right" to access fertility treatments (e.g., in vitro fertilization). The bill includes a nationwide right for patients to access IVF and other ART services and a right for doctors to provide IVF treatment in accordance with medical standards. The bill also contains provisions which require all employer-sponsored insurance plans and other public insurance plans to cover fertility treatments, plus provides a new cause of action for individuals and healthcare providers. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as while all individuals should have the freedom to choose IVF, the bill contains additional provisions which expand government overreach and unnecessarily hike healthcare and insurance costs. Furthermore, the bill advances frivolous litigation through the establishment of a new cause of action.

Providing a New "Right to IVF" which Includes Insurance Mandates and New Abilities to Bring Frivolous Lawsuits.

The "Right to Contraception Act" sponsored by Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) would create a new statutory right to obtain and use contraceptives and gives health care providers a right to provide contraceptives and share information about them. The bill also creates a new cause of action allowing anyone to bring a lawsuit if they believe their right to contraception has been infringed. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as while every person should have the freedom to utilize contraception, this bill creates a new avenue for individuals to abuse the legal system and bring frivolous litigation against businesses, religious organizations and other individuals.

Advancing Frivolous Litigation by Establishing a New Cause of Action under the "Right to Contraception Act".

This resolution introduced by Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a Biden administration rule issued by the Department of Energy on December 18, 2023, titled "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces". The rule requires gas furnaces to achieve an efficiency standard of 95 percent when right now, residential gas furnaces only require an efficiency standard of 80 percent. According to the sponsor, "this rule would remove up to 60 percent of current residential furnaces from the market and would impact 55 percent of American households". Support is the Limited Government Position as consumers within a free market - not central planning by government bureaucrats - should have the freedom to choose the type of furnace that best meets their needs. This measure serves as a step in the right direction to combatting government overreach which unnecessarily hikes consumer costs.

Utilizing the Congressional Review Act to Overturn a Draconian Biden Administration DOE Rule Imposing Energy Efficiency Mandates on Furnaces.

This resolution introduced by Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) would prohibit the sale of certain offensive American weaponry to Israel. The measure bans the sale of "M933A1 120mm High Explosive mortar cartridges with M783 fuzes" while two other similar resolutions also introduced by Sanders ban the sale of "120mm tank rounds" and "Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs)". The United States has been providing Israel these weapons after the nation was attacked by Hamas terrorists on October 7, 2023. According to the sponsor, "Israel's strategy of deadly attacks on and near civilian populations must end" citing the 43,000 Palestinians that have died from the conflict in Gaza. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this bill weakens national security. Israel is the United States' strongest ally in the Middle East and a critical partner in combatting adversaries such as Iran.

Weakening National Security by Halting the Sale of Certain U.S. Weapons to Israel as they Combat Terrorist Groups in Iran and the Gaza Strip.

The Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID) amendment #3331 to the "Social Security Fairness Act of 2023" would delay the implementation of the Social Security Fairness Act until changes are made that would offset the bill's negative effects on Social Security's actuarial balance as determined by the Social Security board of trustees. The underlying bill eliminates two federal cost-control policies that barred employees with a public pension from then also collecting the full-level of benefits under the federal retirement program. The bill is estimated to increase taxpayer spending by $195.65 billion and shorten the window for insolvency of the Social Security Trust Fund by 6 months - triggering a 23 percent cut for all seniors in 2033. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure serves as a step in the right direction to prevent the further worsening of the unfunded liability crisis surrounding Social Security. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Promoting Fiscal Responsibility by Delaying Implementation of the "Social Security Fairness Act" Until Changes Are Enacted to Offset the Bill's Negative Effects on the Actuarial Balance.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #3352 to the "Social Security Fairness Act of 2023" would enact the "Government Shutdown Prevention Act" which would keep government open but institutes a six percent cut to then-current funding levels for any agency, program and activity that Congress failed to fund. Funding would continue to be reduced by another one percent every 90 days thereafter that an agreement is still not enacted. Support is the Limited Government Position as this fiscally responsible measure helps provide lawmakers an alternative to either enacting a wasteful, bloated budget or a government shutdown. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Increasing Fiscal Responsibility through the "Government Shutdown Prevention Act" which keeps Government Operating Albeit a Six Percent Cut to All Unfunded Programs.

This resolution introduced by Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) would prohibit the Biden Administration from cancelling $4.65 billion of debt owed by Ukraine to U.S. taxpayers. According to the sponsor "The Biden Administration's proposal shifts the burden of funding Ukraine's small businesses, farmers, and corrupt bureaucrats onto the backs of hardworking Americans, who are already suffering during a time of high inflation." Support is the Limited Government Position as Americans cannot afford to continue to pour hundreds of billions into Ukraine - especially without proper safeguards to prevent corruption and waste. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Protecting U.S. Taxpayers by Blocking the Biden Administration from Forgiving $4.65 in Ukraine Debt.

This motion tables (defeats) the Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) amendment #1804 to the "Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024". The amendment would prohibit the Biden administration from issuing waivers granting Iran access to escrowed accounts, including a $10 billion account related to Iraqi electricity. According to the sponsor, "The Biden administration has a pathological obsession with boosting the Iranian regime and undermining Israel" and the waivers have allowed Iran "to use that money to fund Hamas, Hezbollah, Iraqi militias, and other terrorist groups". Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this motion weakens national security by providing a top adversary nation of the U.S. with billions of dollars of resources that can be used to inflict harm on Americans or our allies such as Israel.

Providing Iran with Access to Billions of Dollars of Funds by Providing Waivers to Sanctions.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) motion to the "Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would instruct the Senate Committee on Appropriations to cut 5 percent from the bill. Amounts made available to the Department of Defense or for securing the international border of the U.S. are exempted from reductions. According to the sponsor, "we are spending at such a rate that we add an average of a trillion dollars to the debt every 90 days. If that pace continues, instead of $1.5 trillion it could be up to $4 trillion in the next year". Support is the Limited Government Position as this motion is a step in the right direction to advancing a fiscally responsible budget. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing Fiscal Responsibility through a 5% Cut to the Bloated $1.2 Trillion Spending Package.

The Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) amendment #1722 to the "Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would block funding for the U.S. Customs and Border Protection CBP One application, or any successor app, to facilitate the entry of any illegal immigrant into the United States. According to the sponsor, "If you are an illegal immigrant under the Biden administration, all you have to do is pull out the CBP One app" and that "between January and September of last year, 221,000 illegal aliens entered the United States this way, and they were allowed to fly around the country without having ID". The sponsor also noted "the danger presented by this is reflected in the fact that Haitian immigrant Cory Alvarez, whose entry into the United States was facilitated by the CBP One app, raped a 15- year-old, mentally impaired girl in the United States". Support is the Limited Government Position as the CBP One app presents a major threat to U.S. national security, and ensuring public safety and national defense is arguably the most important role of government. Failure to secure our nation's border and deport those residing in the country unlawfully not only has catastrophic implications on the ability to maintain law and order, but also creates countless other issues, ranging from welfare to the education system.

Strengthening National Security and Combatting Illegal Immigration by Blocking Funding for the  U.S. Customs and Border Protection CBP One App.

The "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" sponsored by Rep. John Carter (R-TX) is a $460 billion minibus funding several government agencies through Fiscal Year 2024. Overall spending levels are generally flat compared to the prior year with increases for some agencies and decreases for others. For example, the bill provides a 10% cut to the EPA, 7% cut to ATF, and a 6% cut to the FBI. However, the bill continues to fund the Essential Air Service program and contains countless earmarks which fund pet projects of lawmakers, especially at the Army Corps of Engineers where spending is increased 7-fold. The bill also provides increased spending for a number of welfare programs such as WIC, plus $3.3 billion for community development block grants. Furthermore, hundreds of millions is directed to fight climate change through carbon capture. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this bill maintains the unsustainable spending levels which were hiked during the COVID-19 pandemic and is chock-full of wasteful pet-projects of special interests. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country. Note: A Democratic lawmaker who opposed the bill was recorded as "X" due to the fact their opposition was not the spending but rather minor provisions pertaining to gun control.

Fueling Out-of-Control Spending through a Budget Bill Filled with Waste and Funding Earmarked for Pet Projects of Lawmakers.

The Sen. Bill Hagerty (R-TN) amendment #1634 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would require the U.S. Census to determine basic population statistics such as the number of citizens, noncitizens, and illegal immigrants that live in this country, and would require that only U.S. citizens be counted in determining the number of House seats and electoral votes that each State gets. According to the sponsor, "the more illegal aliens and noncitizens in your State or district, the greater your voting power in Congress and Presidential elections. This not only destroys the principle of one person-one vote by making some American's votes more powerful than others, but it encourages illegal immigration in sanctuary cities as a way to increase political power". Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure helps strengthen democracy by ending a fraudulent political scheme weakens the integrity of elections and also manipulates federal fund disbursements.

Strengthening Democracy and Election Integrity by Requiring the Census to Account for Illegal Immigrants.

The Sen. Rick Scott (R-FL) motion to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would instruct the Senate Committee on Appropriations to remove all Community Project Funding and Congressionally Directed Spending (commonly referred to as "earmarks) within the bill. The bill contains roughly 6,600 earmarks at a cost of $12 billion. According to the sponsor, "Earmarks are a corrupt practice" and "the American taxpayer should not be used as a political piggybank". Support is the Limited Government Position as earmarks fuel corruption within the political process and incentivize runaway and wasteful spending for lawmaker pet projects. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Restoring Fiscal Responsibility in the Appropriations Bill by Cutting the 6,600 Earmarks that Total $12 Billion in Runaway Spending for Lawmaker Pet Projects.

The Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) amendment #1626 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would cut $110 million in spending on administrative costs at the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) pertaining to the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program. According to the sponsor, "this is a good government amendment" as only $226 million of the $337 million for BEAD administrative costs has been justified. The amendment also cuts funding for a new initiative related to "Algorithmic Justice" which is undefined. Under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, $42.45 billion was provided to the BEAD Program for high-speed internet access expansion, providing significant subsidies to companies such as Comcast. Support is the Limited Government Position as the BEAD program should be eliminated in its entirety. The private sector and free market are best equipped to determine where broadband is most needed and which expansion projects are most economically viable. The BEAD program forces taxpayers to enrich woke corporations such as Comcast for infrastructure which is unnecessary due to significant advances in satellite technology from Comcast's competitors, such as Elon Musk's Starlink.

Cutting $110 Million from a Wasteful Program that Enriches Woke Companies Such as Comcast for Broadband Expansion that is No Longer Necessary Due to Musk's Starlink.

The Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) amendment #1623 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would prohibit the use of funds to initiate or decline a Federal criminal charge based on impermissible considerations defined in the Justice Manual. According to the sponsor, the Justice Manual has been violated as "the Justice Department has been weaponized against the 45th President, President Biden's lead political opponent". Support is the Limited Government Position as tragically our justice system has been warped by politics at both the federal and local levels. This amendment and other measures are essential to reforming the "Department of Injustice" and restoring the faith of Americans of a fair and unbiased judicial system.

Combatting the Weaponization of the Criminal Justice System Against Trump and Others by Defunding Federal Criminal Charges that Fail to Comply with the Justice Manual.

The "Radiation Exposure Compensation Reauthorization Act" (RECA) sponsored by Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO) would extend RECA for an additional six years past its current sunset date of June 7, 2024. RECA was enacted in 1990 under George H.W. Bush to compensate individuals exposed to fallout from nuclear weapons testing between 1947 and 1961. The bill also includes provisions which increase payouts and eligibility, as well as expand the regions covered to include the bill sponsor's district in St. Louis, Missouri. The bill does not contain any funding for the new entitlement, which is estimated to cost at a minimum of between $50 to $100 billion over the next ten years for the St. Louis region alone. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as expansion and creation of a new entitlement program that lacks critical safeguards and limits on eligibility will result in a fiscal catastrophe. Federal taxpayers have already experienced a similar fiscal nightmare and skyrocketing costs resulting from the poorly crafted World Trade Center Health Program, which requires constant additional taxpayer cash infusions. Unfortunately, greedy plaintiffs' attorneys seek out any individual who may be remotely impacted by an event and work to extract enormous payouts at the expense of taxpayers.

Threatening a Fiscal Nightmare through the Extension and Expansion of the Entitlement Program "Radiation Exposure Compensation Act" (RECA).

The "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024" sponsored by Rep. Kay Granger (R-TX) would avert a partial government shutdown by extending government funding by a week (March 8) for six agencies and March 22 for others. The extension serves as a stopgap as the final details on a broader extension are finalized. According to bill opponents, the broader bill will not provide any substantial spending reductions at a time the nation is facing $1 trillion in annual interest payment on the debt. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this measure merely kicks the can down the road to advance a fiscally irresponsible budget. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing a Fiscally Irresponsible Budget by Kicking the Can Down the Road through the "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024".

The Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) motion to the "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024" would instruct the Senate Committee on Appropriations to insert the text of H.R. 2 (the Secure the Border Act of 2023), as passed by the House of Representatives on May 11, 2023. According to the sponsor, "H.R. 2 contains a comprehensive plan to secure the border, to stop catch-and- release, to build the wall, to stop visa overstays, and to reform abuse of immigration, parole, and asylum laws". Support is the Limited Government Position as ensuring public safety and national defense is arguably the most important role of government. Failure to secure our nation's border and deport those residing in the country unlawfully not only has catastrophic implications on the ability to maintain law and order, but also creates countless other issues, ranging from welfare to the education system.

Combatting Illegal Immigration by Inserting the "Secure the Border Act" into the "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024".

The Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) motion to the "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024" would instruct the Senate Committee on Appropriations to adjust the bill into a full-year CR funding government through September 30, 2024. According to the sponsor, this adjustment would save taxpayers $130 billion and place regular nondefense at a level $40 billion less than in fiscal year 2023. Support is the Limited Government Position as this motion increases fiscal responsibility. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Cutting Government Spending by $130 Billion by Extending the Duration of the CR through September of 2024.

This resolution introduced by Rep. Mike Flood (R-NE) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a Biden administration rule issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2022, titled "Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121". This rule requires financial institutions and firms that are safeguarding their customers' digital assets (such as crypto-currency) to hold the assets on their balance sheet. The rule has received criticism due to the fact the regulations makes it cost prohibitive for banks and other financial institutions to serve as custodians for digital assets. Support is the Limited Government Position as the Biden administration rule has largely roadblocked the ability of banks to hold digital assets, thus harming growth and innovation in the crypto-currency industry. This measure provides critical regulatory relief.

Overturning a Biden Administration Rule Making it Cost Prohibitive for Banks to Hold Crypto-Currencies for their Customers.

This resolution introduced by Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a Biden administration rule issued by the Department of Treasury on November 20, 2023, titled "Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds". The rule changed the definition of "obligation" as it relates to State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds and extended the timeline for spending the COVID-19 relief money from 2024 to 2026. According to the sponsor, the rule violates the expiration dates laid out in the American Rescue Plan and treats taxpayer money "as a slush fund for pet projects by Biden's Treasury" and will "cost American families an extra $1,200 per year". Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure helps prevent the waste of an enormous amount of taxpayer funds. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Overturning a Biden Administration Rule which Allows the Waste and Misuse of $13 Billion in Taxpayer Funds through the Extension of the Expiration of Covid-19 Relief Funds.

The "Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act" sponsored by Rep. Laurel Lee (R-FL) would reauthorize Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) for five years, including the reauthorization of Section 702 for two years - which allows the government to spy on noncitizens located abroad without a warrant. While Section 702 prohibits the NSA and FBI from "intentionally" targeting Americans through its mass surveillance, these agencies acquire a huge amount of innocent Americans' communications "incidentally." These agencies can then conduct backdoor, warrantless searches of these "incidentally collected" communications. According to a 2021 FBI report, the agency conducted 3.4 million warrantless searches on Americans through Section 702. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as the reauthorization of Section 702 of FISA - including with the in-name-only "reforms" - violates the protections provided to Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Weakening Civil Liberties by Reauthorizing FISA with Section 702 - Which has Allowed the Warrantless Surveillance of the Trump Campaign and Millions of Other Americans.

The Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) amendment #1840 to the "Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act" would implement two reforms to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) court. First, it would bolster the role of amici curiae - outside experts who present a perspective other than the government and assist the FISA Court in evaluating arguments presented by the Department of Justice - by creating a presumption that amici should participate in certain particularly sensitive or important matters and by increasing amici's access to information. Second, it would require the disclosure to the court of all material, exculpatory evidence, or impeachment evidence. The sponsor noted that the provision mirrors an amendment that the Senate passed by a vote of 77-19 in 2020. It is noteworthy that while the NSA and FBI are prohibited from "intentionally" targeting Americans through its mass surveillance under FISA, these agencies acquire a huge amount of innocent Americans' communications "incidentally." These agencies can then conduct backdoor, warrantless searches of these "incidentally collected" communications. Support is the Limited Government Position as countless Americans have had their Fourth Amendment rights infringed through warrantless spying under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). This amendment helps protect civil liberties by strengthening government transparency and accountability.

Strengthening Government Transparency Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) through Increased Oversight of the Program by Outside Experts (Amici Curiae).

The Sen. Dick Durbin (R-IL) amendment #1841 to the "Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act" would require greater oversight of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). According to the sponsor "This modification I am suggesting, suggested by the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, would mean that the Agency would have to report for warrants 80 cases a month. That is not too much when we are dealing with hundreds of thousands of targets and millions of conversations." It is noteworthy that while the NSA and FBI are prohibited from "intentionally" targeting Americans through its mass surveillance under FISA, these agencies acquire a huge amount of innocent Americans' communications "incidentally." These agencies can then conduct backdoor, warrantless searches of these "incidentally collected" communications. Support is the Limited Government Position as countless Americans have had their Fourth Amendment rights infringed through warrantless spying under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). This amendment helps protect civil liberties by strengthening government transparency and accountability.

Strengthening Government Transparency Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) by Requiring the Agency to Report for Warrants 80 Cases a Month.

Year
2024	—	0.00	0.00	—	33.33	0.00	0.00	—
2023	0.00	0.00	—	0.00	8.33	37.50	4.76	0.00
2022	0.00	—	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	33.33

Year	Score	Role	Party
2024	4.04	Sen	D
2023	8.93	Sen	D
2022	2.38	Sen	D

Martin Heinrich

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