Institute for Legislative Analysis

Margaret Hassan

This bill, the "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024", lays out how the Pentagon will be funded for the next year and includes $886 billion in defense spending. Most notably, this conference version of the bill removes Republican provisions that end Pentagon practices that facilitate abortion, enable taxpayer-funded sex reassignment surgeries, and promote Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) in the armed forces. Furthermore, the bill reauthorizes the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which has been utilized to conduct surveillance on Americans without a warrant, including President Trump's previous campaign for president. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as Pentagon funding should be contingent on both a full audit, due to reports of tens of billions of taxpayer funds being "misplaced", and safeguards that protect funds from being utilized for politicized and other improper purposes. The FISA reauthorization violates the protections provided to Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Authorizing a Defense Bill without the Removal of Countless Radical Left Policies Surrounding Abortion, Transgenderism, Critical Race Theory, and Civil Liberty Violations.

This motion waives (defeats) Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) Point of Order to the "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024". The Point of Order removes the extension of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) from the bill. This section of FISA has been utilized to conduct surveillance on Americans without a warrant, including President Trump's previous campaign for president. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this motion helps strengthen civil liberties. The reauthorization of this FISA section violates the protections provided to Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Weakening Civil Liberties by Maintaining the FISA Provision within the NDAA, which has Allowed the Warrantless Surveillance of the Trump Campaign and Thousands of Other Americans.

This bill, the "Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act" serves as a short-term "CR" that funds government for another 45 days, delaying an otherwise imminent government shutdown to right before the holidays. While this CR contains no funding for Ukraine, it does provide $16 billion in additional federal disaster funds - $10 billion more than previously negotiated - and the full amount sought by President Biden. The CR follows previous funding proposals by Republicans, which contained conservative policy items like border security and spending cuts. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this "kick the can down the road" approach weakens the ability of conservatives to obtain meaningful spending cuts. The measure shifts negotiations to right before the holidays when history has shown (as recently as the previous year) lawmakers refuse to make any spending cuts or shutdown government. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Harming the Ability to Negotiate a Fiscally-Responsible Budget by Passaging a CR that Delays a Government Shutdown to Right Before the Holidays.

This bill, a stopgap spending bill known as a "Continuing Resolution" funds government for another 45 days, delaying an otherwise imminent government shutdown to right before the holidays. This CR also contains $6.15 billion in additional funding for Ukraine and $6 billion in federal disaster relief funding. The CR follows previous funding proposals by Republicans, which contained conservative policy items like border security and spending cuts. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this "kick the can down the road" approach weakens the ability of conservatives to obtain meaningful spending cuts. The measure shifts negotiations to right before the holidays when history has (as recently as the previous year) lawmakers refuse to make any spending cuts or shutdown government. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Fueling Out-of-Control Spending by Providing $6 Billion in Additional Funding to Ukraine and Passing a Short-Term CR that Weakens the Chance of Passing a Responsible Budget.

This bill, "making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2024", is a "CR" that funds portions of government through January 19, 2024 or February 2, 2024, depending on the department. The CR does not contain provisions demanded by conservative lawmakers, such as spending cuts or border security measures. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this "kick the can down the road" approach weakens the ability of conservatives to obtain meaningful spending cuts. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Continuing Out-of-Control Spending through a CR Without Any Fiscal Restraints or Border Security Measures

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #1366 to the continuing resolution would reduce funding by 15 percent (except for the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs) and rescind $30 billion for the enforcement funds provided to the IRS as part of President Biden's Inflation Reduction Act. Support is the Limited Government Position as this amendment serves as a step in the right direction to restoring fiscal sanity in Congress. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing Fiscal Responsibility through a 15% Cut in Spending within the Short-Term CR Government Funding Bill.

This "Minibus" appropriations package provides a year of funding for certain government agencies and functions including veterans affairs, agriculture, transportation, housing and military construction . The package includes several "historic" spending hikes in a range of areas including military construction and government welfare programs surrounding housing. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this bill represents yet another example of fiscal insanity. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Fueling Out-of-Control Spending through a Minibus Appropriations Package with "Historic" Levels of New Welfare Spending and Enormous Agency Budgets.

The Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) amendment #1121 to the Minibus Appropriations Package adds the "Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny" (REINS) Act to the package. The REINS Act would require Congress to affirmatively approve every new major rule proposed by the executive branch before it is permitted to become effective. The sponsor noted that in 2022 the Biden Administration imposed an additional $117.1 billion in additional regulatory costs onto the U.S. economy. Support is the Limited Government Position as the REINS Act places a critical check on unaccountable executive branch bureaucrats who have enormous powers to control the daily lives of Americans.

Placing a Critical Check on the Regulatory Power of Unelected Bureaucrats through the REINS Act.

The Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) amendment #1249 to the Minibus Appropriations Package enforces a provision of a treaty made between the United States and Mexico in 1944. Specifically, the amendment requires water negotiators to press Mexico to meet the 350,000 acre-feet of water the country committed to provide American farmers in the Rio Grande Valley. Support is the Limited Government Position as lawmakers should ensure any treaty commitments by foreign nations to the U.S. are enforced and upheld. Failure to do so not only weakens the standing of the United States abroad, but, in this case, harms American farmers, as they face a severe drought.

Protecting U.S. Standings Abroad and American Farmers by Enforcing a Treaty Commitment with Mexico.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #1217 to the Minibus Appropriations Package requires an audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal reserve banks. The sponsor noted that the FED effectively controls the economy but has completely unchecked power to print money, purchase government-backed securities, and provide money to favored industries. During the COVID-19 pandemic $5 trillion was added to the Fed's balance sheet, the largest in its over 100-year history. Support is the Limited Government Position as the FED, with its central planning and control over interest rates, presents a dire danger to the economy - especially considering the size of its balance sheet and actions surrounding quantitative easing. While this measure serves as a step in the right direction, lawmakers should work to promote the free competition of alternative currencies by removing regulatory barriers.

Promoting Transparency over the Federal Reserve System by Requiring an Audit of the Unaccountable Entity.

The Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC) amendment #1243 to the Minibus Appropriations Package prohibits funds from being used to enforce President Biden's Executive Order # 14019, "Promoting Access to Voting". According to the sponsor, the executive order empowers federal agencies to use taxpayer funds to implement or enter into agreements with partisan organizations that conduct voter mobilization activities. Support is the Limited Government Position as taxpayer resources should not be utilized to advance partisan politics. Such actions undermine our election process and democracy.

Safeguarding Democracy by Defunding Biden's Executive Order that Utilizes Taxpayer Resources to Advance Partisan Politics through Voter Mobilization Activities.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #1347 to the Minibus Appropriations Package cuts roughly $30 billion in discretionary spending, placing it back at the level approved by the House Appropriations Committee. Additionally, the bill rescinds $25 billion provided for IRS enforcement in the 2022 climate and tax law. Support is the Limited Government Position as this amendment serves as a step in the right direction to restoring fiscal sanity in Congress. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing Fiscal Responsibility through a $30 Billion Cut in Discretionary Spending within the Minibus Appropriations Package and Rescinding $25 Billion in IRS Funding.

The Sen. Mike Braun (R-IN) amendment #1182 to the Minibus Appropriations Package prohibits any funding from being utilized to implement any earmark, community project funding, or congressionally directed spending. Earmarks direct funds to a specific recipient or congressional district while circumventing merit-based or competitive funds allocation processes. Support is the Limited Government Position as earmarks fuel corruption within the political process and incentivize runaway and wasteful spending for lawmaker pet projects. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Restoring Fiscal Responsibility by Prohibiting Earmarks within the Minibus Appropriations Package that Drive Runaway Spending for Lawmaker Pet Projects.

This resolution introduced by Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the policy update issued by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) on May 5, 2022 relating to discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation. According to the sponsor, this policy is "weaponizing funding for school lunch programs in an effort to force public schools to embrace Joe Biden's transgender agenda", such as "requiring biological boys to be given access to girls bathrooms and locker rooms or allow biological boys to compete against biological girls in girls' sports". Support is the Limited Government Position as federal funding should not be weaponized by unaccountable bureaucrats to advance politicized initiatives, especially those surrounding sensitive issues that should be handled at the local level by school boards accountable to parents.

Preventing the Weaponization of the Federal Appropriations Process by Bureaucrats Attempting to Push Policies Surrounding Transgenderism in Local Schools.

The Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) amendment #1065 to the "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024" provides an additional $450 million to the World Trade Center Health Program as well as expands the program (with another $200 million) to now cover the Pentagon and Shanksville. This program, which currently has over 120,000 enrollees, provides compensation for health conditions that individuals may develop who were near the Twin Towers on 9/11 or sometime over the following nine months, including first responders, residents, workers, teachers, students, tourists, etc. Due to the benefits of the program, such as compensation for physical and mental health conditions - including loss of income and pain and suffering that may have been incurred from the event - the trust fund continues to run low on funds and outpace expected expenditures. For example, just seven months earlier, the fund was provided with $1 billion in additional funding under a previous Gillibrand amendment to an appropriations bill that was expected to last until 2027. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this well-intended program has been abused at the expense of both victims and taxpayers by greedy plaintiffs' attorneys who search for any individual who may have briefly been in the vicinity during the months following the event and then work to extract non-economic damages. First responders and workers who spent substantial time assisting with the clean-up of the tragedy deserve care for the health complications that they sustained due to their work. To ensure this, reforms should be implemented to stop this abuse before additional funding is provided.

Providing an Additional $676 million to the 9/11 Compensation Fund without Desperately Needed Reforms to Prevent Continued Cash Grabs by Law Firms.

This resolution, introduced by Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS), utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the rule issued by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) titled "Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility". This rule largely undermines the reforms implemented under the Trump administration, reforms that made it less likely that an immigrant is provided permanent legal status if they obtain taxpayer-funded welfare benefits, such as food stamps, housing vouchers, or Medicaid. Under the Biden administration's rule, immigrants can receive a much greater amount of welfare and not be considered a "public charge" (primarily dependent on the government for subsistence), which would negate their application for residency. Support is the Limited Government Position as U.S. immigration policy should be merit-based, wherein residency status is only provided to individuals who are able to fully support themselves and contribute to society. An open border coupled with lavish welfare benefits fuels illegal immigration, which will further bankrupt the nation.

Overturning a Biden Administration Policy that Provides Residency Status to Immigrants who Are Reliant on Government Welfare Programs

This resolution, introduced by Rep. Andrew Clyde (R-GA), overturns the D.C. Council's Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Emergency Amendment Act of 2022. According to the sponsor, the District has lost over 1,000 officers and the D.C. Council's act "gives more power to anti-police activists, allows individual police officers to be targeted by protestors, and strips officers of collective bargaining rights regarding discipline." Support is the Limited Government Position as protecting property rights and ensuring public safety through a well-staffed police force serve as essential components of government. Unfortunately, so-called criminal justice "reforms", like the DC Council's acts have led to skyrocketing crime rates and are being advanced across the nation by George Soros and other left-leaning Billionaires through their funding of advocacy organizations.

Combatting Skyrocketing Crime and Attacks on Police by Overturning the D.C. Council's Dangerous Policing and Criminal Justice Reforms.

This resolution, introduced by Rep. Andrew Clyde (R-GA), overturns the D.C. Council's Revised Criminal Code Act of 2022. The act contained several criminal justice reforms that would cut mandatory minimum sentences and reduced penalties for a range of violent crimes, including carjackings, robberies, and homicides. Support is the Limited Government Position as mandatory minimum sentences are critical measures that help combat the practice of "judge shopping" whereby career criminals attempt to have their cases moved to be heard by the most lenient judge to avoid significant penalties. The D.C. Council's criminal justice "reforms" would lead to skyrocketing crime rates, which has been the case of similar reform policies which have been advanced across the nation by George Soros and other left-leaning Billionaires through their funding of advocacy organizations.

Overturning a Package of Dangerous Criminal Justice Reforms in DC that Weaken Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Fuel Greater Lawlessness.

The Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO) amendment #40 to a bill repealing use of military force against Iraq establishes a new Office of the Special Inspector General for Ukraine Assistance. The amendment is designed to correct the current patchwork of oversight by departmental inspectors. Various federal agencies have so far uncovered no cases of fraud with the $113 billion provided to Ukraine, but Ukraine journalists on the ground have been reporting fraud. Support is the Limited Government Position as this bill helps strengthen government accountability. Taxpayer funds should always be properly accounted for and necessary safeguards should be established to protect against waste, fraud, and abuse.

Strengthening Government Accountability by Establishing an Office of the Special Inspector General for Ukraine Assistance.

The Sen. Bill Hagerty (R-TN) amendment #72 to the Fire Grants and Safety Act restructures FEMA's Emergency Food and Shelter Program. Over the past couple of years, appropriations to this program have grown by nearly five-fold to approximately $1 billion. According to the sponsor, the Board distributing these funds is comprised of the very same organizations receiving these funds. The amendment restructures the board to ensure the individuals sitting on it do not have a conflict of interest. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure strengthens government integrity by correcting a clear conflict of interest, and, as the sponsor stated, "ensure the pitcher is not also the umpire".

Strengthening Government Integrity by Reorganizing a FEMA Program Board to Ensure the Individuals Appropriating $1 Billion in Funds are not also the Recipients of the Cash.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #79 to the Fire Grants and Safety Act prohibits funds from being provided to fire departments that terminated staff for failing to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. Support is the Limited Government Position as this crony grant program should not be reauthorized in the first place as it is the role of state and local entities - not the federal bureaucracy - to fund and determine the best use of fire protection resources. This amendment helps promote the protection of individual liberties by penalizing localities that refused to respect the right of individuals to decide whether or not to obtain the COVID-19 vaccination.

Strengthening Individual Liberties by Penalizing Localities that Terminated Employees for Refusing to Obtain a COVID-19 Vaccination.

The Sen. Ron Johnson (R-WI) amendment #11 to a bill repealing use of military force against Iraq requires any convention or treaty reached with the World Health Assembly be ratified by the Senate. According to the sponsor, the World Health Organization (WHO) is currently drafting a new convention, which grants it significant new powers to manage pandemics. Proposed policies include requiring the U.S. to provide WHO 20% of the vaccines it produces during a pandemic, substantial financial and intellectual property commitments, and a "leading role" in fighting "misinformation". Support is the Limited Government Position as, while it is questionable whether the U.S. should enter into any agreements with the WHO or provide it financial support, any action should be, at the very least, approved by Congress.

Strengthening Government Accountability by Prohibiting the U.S. from Entering into any Agreement with the World Health Organization without Senate Approval.

This resolution introduced by Rep. Sam Graves (R-MO) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the Environmental Protection Agency rule titled "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States'". This Biden administration rule overturned the reforms implemented by the Trump administration and provides the EPA with much more expansive regulatory authority than it was initially granted under the Obama administration. As a result, the EPA's regulatory authority includes not only rivers and wetlands, but ephemeral streams and ditches under the Clean Water Act. Support is the Limited Government Position as the Biden and Obama administrations granted the EPA carte-blanche authority to regulate practically any standing amount of water, which resulted in property rights being infringed and enormous additional costs for landowners.

Strengthening Property Rights by Overturning Biden Administration Regulations Providing the EPA Overreaching Authority under the Waters of the United States Rule.

This resolution, introduced by Rep. Andy Barr (R-KY), utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the Department of Labor rule titled "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights". Under current law, managers of retirement plans are required to base their investment decisions on what is in the best interest of making their client's portfolios grow. Under the Biden administration rule, fiduciaries can now base their investment decisions on political environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors even if they are not in the best financial interest of their clients. Support is the Limited Government Position as, while all individuals should have the right to have their savings invested in the manor of their choosing, this politicized ESG rule will provide countless new avenues for deviant fiduciaries to act against their unknowing clients best interests and enrich certain companies and industries.

Overturning a Biden Administration Rule Authorizing Fiduciaries to Invest in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Factors Against their Clients Best Interests.

This resolution, introduced by Sen. Tommy Tuberville (R-AL), utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the Department of Veterans Affairs rule titled "Reproductive Health Services", which authorizes the VA to provide abortion-related services to veterans. While the Biden administration rule technically limits the abortion services to just cases of rape, incest, or the life of the veteran being placed in jeopardy, the rule lacks the traditional language needed to actually restrict the practice to these cases. For example, the rule does not limit the "life of the veteran" to include only "physical health," those allowing abortion in cases of "mental" or "emotional strain," and without any limitation up until birth. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as the failure to include critical language limiting the practice ultimately results in taxpayers being forced to fund abortion in nearly any case and up until the moment of birth. Taxpayers, many of whom are opposed to abortion on religious grounds, should not be forced to fund abortion on demand at the VA.

Overturning a Biden Administration Rule which Paves the Way for Taxpayer Funding of Abortion on Demand at the VA Without Critical Safeguards.

This motion on the "Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act" defeats a change to the Senate rules, thereby protecting the "filibuster" or the requirement of 60 votes to invoke cloture (end debate) and advance most legislation. Due to the political make-up of the senate (50-50 party split with VP Kamala Harris the tie-breaking vote), the elimination of the filibuster, coupled with Democratic party control over the House of Representatives, significantly increases the likelihood of Democratic policy priorities. Support is the Limited Government Position as the elimination of the filibuster would allow for the passage of policy that would unprecedently expand the size and scope of government.

Blocking an Unprecedented Expansion of Government by Preserving the Senate Filibuster Rule.

The Cruz amendment #4927 to the "Further Additional Extending Government Funding Act" prohibits the use of federal funding for schools and early childhood development facilities that enforce COVID-19 vaccine mandates on children. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure helps protect individual liberties by ensuring it is parents - not government - making the medical decision on whether or not to vaccinate their child against COVID-19.

Protecting Individual Liberties and Parental Rights by Prohibiting Federal Funds from Being Used to Enforce COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates on Students.

The Braun amendment #4930 to the "Further Additional Extending Government Funding Act" prohibits the advancement of any budget resolution that does not reach a balanced budget within 10 years, unless approved by a two-thirds vote of the senate. Support is the Limited Government Position as the country can't afford to financially sustain the ever-growing budget deficit that has now grown to $1.4 trillion. Significant spending cuts must take place across government in order to reverse our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Reigning in the $1.4 Trillion Annual Budget Deficit through a "Balanced Budget Amendment".

The "Further Additional Extending Government Funding Act" funds the federal government through March 11, 2022 and serves as the third short-term continuing resolution passed since early October. Without passing a continuing resolution, a partial government shutdown would occur, providing advocates of fiscal responsibility greater leverage in budget negotiations. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as forcing a hard deadline on budget negotiations raises awareness of the nation's out-of-control spending and helps hinder passage of other wasteful spending measures such as the COMPETES act. Substantial cuts must be made to the budget to eliminate the $1.4 trillion deficit and begin the process of paying down our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Avoiding Fiscal Responsibility through the Continual Passage of Short-Term Government Funding Bills

This joint resolution terminates the national emergency concerning COVID-19 declared by the President on March 13, 2020. As a result, a number of temporary government powers are eliminated, such as the authority of employees within the Center for Disease Control and Prevention to impose mask mandates on public transportation. Support is the Limited Government Position as the start of the pandemic shutdowns was over two years ago and Americans have since adapted to protecting themselves from COVID-19 and future variants. The termination of the national emergency not only signals a return to normalcy but also eliminates powers that have been abused by some government employees during the pandemic.

Reigning-in Government Power by Terminating the Federal COVID-19 National Emergency Declaration After 2 Years.

The Scott amendment #6540 to the "Further Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2023" rescinds the $70 billion in funding provided to the Internal Revenue Service under the "Inflation Reduction Act of 2022" to hire an additional 87,000 agents. Furthermore, the amendment repeals the $600 threshold implemented under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which triggers IRS notification on transactions through platforms such as Paypal, Cash App, and Venmo, and instead raises the threshold to $20,000. Support is the Limited Government Position as this significant growth in the size of the IRS raises serious concerns over unjust harassment and auditing, especially at an agency with a troubled past concerning politicized actions. Additionally, the extremely low $600 surveillance threshold unduly infringes privacy rights and protections against searches and seizures enshrined under the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution.

Rescinding Funding for 87,000 Additional IRS Agents and Protecting Americans from Undue Surveillance by Restoring the IRS Transaction Threshold to $20,000 from $600.

The "Further Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2023" funds the federal government through December 23, 2022, as opposed to January 2023 when a new congress will be sworn in following the November election. Such an action will result in members of congress who lost their election, but are still sitting in office (a concept commonly known as "lame duck"), to set government funding for the next year, rather than the next congress.  Oppose is the Limited Government Position as allowing lame duck members of congress to set funding levels - especially with a holiday deadline - will likely result in greater irresponsible spending. Budgets should be set by sitting members of congress, the individuals who are held accountable by the voters, not members who are on their way out of office.

Paving the Way for Irresponsible Spending Through the Second CR which Allows the Lame Duck Congress, Not the New Congress, to Set Government Funding.

The Paul amendment #6561 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023" requires 67 Senators to waive a budget point of order instead of 60 under the "pay-go rules" which require any new spending to be offset. As a result, it will be more difficult to pass massive omnibus spending packages that add to the deficit. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure will at least increase the difficulty to advance horrendous spending packages that have become a common occurrence over the past few years. However, even greater measures and large spending cuts must take place across government in order to reverse our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing Fiscal Responsibility by Requiring a Two-Thirds Vote (Instead of Three-Fifths) to Override the "Pay-Go Rules" which Require Any New Spending to be Offset.

The Lee motion to the "United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021" instructs senate conferees to not include certain provisions within the house version of the bill. For example, the motion eliminates a provision that provides developing nations $2 billion per year indefinitely to purchase zero emissions vehicles. Another cut is a provision that provides $8 billion to the U.N. green climate fund, - which has historically given money to China. Furthermore, the motion revokes a provision stating that the United States should implement the Paris Climate Agreement. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as adoption of the Paris Agreement is estimated to lead to a 20 percent increase in the costs for the average American family's electric bill and shrink the U.S. national GDP by $2.5 trillion. Furthermore, the U.S. is no longer in a financial position to provide foreign aid when congress is running a budget deficit of $1.4 trillion. Significant spending cuts must take place across government in order to reverse our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Opposing the Paris Climate Agreement and Blocking Wasteful Spending, Including $2 Billion for Developing Nations to Purchase Electric Vehicles and $8 Billion to the U.N. Green Climate Fund.

This resolution balances the federal budget within 5 years. Under the plan, federal spending is frozen in fiscal year 2023 and then gradually reduced over the next five years by cutting spending by 6 pennies for every dollar. The measure would yield a $65.8 billion surplus by 2027 and would collectively spend $4.2 trillion less than is projected by the Congressional Budget Office to be spent over that period. Support is the Limited Government Position as this budget will at least place an end to the $1.4 trillion budget deficit. However, much larger cuts must take place in order to reverse our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Cutting Spending and Balancing the Federal Budget within 5 Years through the "Six Penny Plan".

The "Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023" funds the federal government through December 16, 2022, as opposed to January 2023 when a new congress will be sworn in following the November election. Such an action will result in members of congress who lost their election, but are still sitting in office (a concept commonly known as "lame duck"), to set government funding for the next year, rather than the next congress. Additionally, the bill provides $12.3 billion in funding to Ukraine, which is on top of the $53 billion congress has already spent on the country. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as allowing lame duck members of congress to set funding levels will likely result in much greater irresponsible spending than allowing the new congress to set spending levels as they are still held accountable to voters. Additionally, the bill's Ukraine spending includes $4.5 billion of funding directed towards helping the Ukraine government maintain operations, a specially troubling provision considering the lack of oversight and the government's long history of corruption.

Paving the Way for Irresponsible Spending Through a CR which Allows the Lame Duck Congress, Not the New Congress, to Set Government Funding.

The Johnson amendment #6555 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", which funds government through fiscal year 2023, eliminates hundreds of pages of earmarks within the spending package. These earmarks, which total $9.8 billion represent pet projects that individual members of congress have added into the bill. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure will at least slightly decrease the horrendous level of wasteful spending within the bill. However, much larger spending cuts must take place across government in order to reverse our $30 trillion national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in unfunded federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Protecting Taxpayers by "Cutting the Pork" in the Budget through the Elimination of All Earmarks within the 2023 Funding Package.

The Johnson amendment #6559 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", which funds government through fiscal year 2023, would prevent border management funds from being utilized by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to transport Migrants within the U.S. unless to a deportation location or detention facility. The amendment is in response to a leaked DHS plan wherein the agency would pay to transport individuals who entered the country unlawfully to destinations away from the border and deeper into the U.S. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as, despite the need to grow the U.S. economy through reforms to the immigration system that increase the number of skilled individuals who may enter and work in our country, the promotion of an open-border immigration system places an immense drain on U.S. infrastructure and taxpayer resources ranging from welfare to the education system, while also creating serious law enforcement and national security issues.

Strengthening National Security by Prohibiting DHS from Utilizing Taxpayer Funds to Transport Immigrants that Enter the Country Unlawfully to Destinations Further Within the U.S.

The Cassidy amendment #6558 to the massive lame duck spending bill, known as the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", implants the language of H.R. 1065 "Pregnant Workers Fairness Act" into the bill. This provision makes it an unlawful employment practice if an employer with 15 or more employees fails to provide a series of new benefits and accommodations to a pregnant employee or job applicant. For example, a cause of action can be brought against an employer if they fail to provide additional break periods, require an employee to take leave due to a pregnancy limitation if a reasonable accommodation could be provided, or do not provide certain amenities, such as a stool to sit on during the workday. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as employers are already incentivized to establish safe and productive work environments and this government overreach into the private sector unnecessarily exposes employers to new avenues of frivolous litigation that may be advanced by deviant plaintiffs\' attorneys.

Exposing Employers to Frivolous Litigation by Creating Multiple New Avenues for Plaintiff's Attorneys of Pregnant Workers to Sue for Alleged Discrimination.

The Merkley amendment #6595 to the massive lame duck spending bill, known as the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", places a series of new regulations on private companies concerning accommodations for breastfeeding up to a year after the birth of an employee's child. For example, employers must provide reasonable break times and a shielded location other than a bathroom for employees to express breast milk. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as employers are already incentivized to establish safe and productive work environments and this government overreach into the private sector unnecessarily exposes employers to new avenues of frivolous litigation that may be advanced by deviant plaintiffs\' attorneys.

Imposing Overreaching New Federal Mandates on the Private Sector Concerning Workplace Breast Feeding.

The Gillibrand Amendment #6607 to the massive lame duck spending bill, known as the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", provides an additional $1 Billion to the World Trade Center Health Program. This program, which currently has over 100,000 enrollees, provides compensation for health conditions that individuals may develop who were near the Twin Towers on 9/11 or sometime over the following 9 months, including first responders, residents, workers, teachers, students, tourists, etc. Due to the benefits of the program, such as compensation for physical and mental health conditions - including loss of income and pain and suffering that may have been incurred from the event - the trust fund continues to run low on funds and outpace expected expenditures. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as first responders and workers who spent substantial time assisting with the clean-up of the tragedy deserve care for the health complications that they sustained due to their work. However, this well-intended program has instead been abused at the expense of both victims and taxpayers by greedy plaintiffs' attorneys who search for any individual who may have briefly been in the vicinity during the months following the event, and then work to extract non-economic damages. Additional funding should not be provided to this program until reforms have been implemented to stop this abuse.

Providing an Additional $1 Billion to the 9/11 Compensation Fund without Desperately Needed Reforms to Prevent Continued Cash Grabs by Law Firms.

The "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023", which was passed on December 23, 2022 funds government through the rest of fiscal year 2023. The package is over 4,000 pages long and included numerous earmarks, ultimately amounting to $1.7 trillion in spending. Spending increases included 5.5% in domestic spending and 10% in defense spending. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this measure was voted upon only days before the new congress, which would likely have significantly cut spending within the bill due to Republicans taking control of the House. The bill also contained nearly $50 billion in additional spending on Ukraine (without safeguards to prevent corruption), bringing the year's total to $113 billion - totaling more than half the size of Ukraine's entire pre-war economy.

Bypassing the New Congress by Ramming Through $1.7 Trillion in Spending in the Final Days of the Lame Duck Session.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #107 to the Fiscal Responsibility Act replaces the bill's spending caps with a "Five Penny Plan" which caps and balances the budget within five years and limits the extension of debt to $500 billion. According to the sponsor, this plan is the "conservative alternative" that would reduce spending by $303 billion in the first year alone. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure represents an excellent pathway to restoring fiscal order to Congress. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Restoring Fiscal Sanity through a "Five Penny Plan" that Makes Significant Cuts in Spending and Balances the Budget within Five Years.

The Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) amendment #98 to the Fiscal Responsibility Act ensures that the bill's "pay-go" requirement cannot be waived by the Biden Administration's Office of Management and Budget. The "pay-go" requirement ensures that any new spending must be offset by cuts elsewhere. Support is the Limited Government Position as this amendment serves as a critical safeguard to even greater reckless spending. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Preventing the Debt Limit Bill's "Pay-Go" Provision from Being Bypassed thus Ensuring Any Additional Spending is Offset by Cuts Elsewhere.

The Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC) amendment #134 to the Fiscal Responsibility Act rescinds roughly $17 billion in unspent COVID-19 relief funds, allowing the monies to be used elsewhere instead of new spending. Support is the Limited Government Position as this amendment serves as a step in the right direction towards spending reprioritization. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Promoting Fiscal Responsibility by Rescinding Unused COVID-19 Funds and Reprioritizing Spending.

The Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) amendment #104 to the Fiscal Responsibility Act makes the food stamp work requirement within the bill permanent by removing the sunset provision. Support is the Limited Government Position as, while significant reforms must be made to government welfare programs to reduce government dependency, the existing work requirements should be, at the very least, enforced. Programs, such as the federal SNAP program, crowd out the private sector, which is much more effective and better equipped to solve underlying challenges faced by individuals and making them self-sufficient.

Promoting Self-Sufficiency by Making Permanent the Work Requirement Provisions within the Debt Limit Bill.

The Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS) amendment #110 to the Fiscal Responsibility Act adds a major border security provision modelled after the House-passed "Secure the Border Act". The amendment includes restarting border wall construction, hiring thousands of additional Border Patrol agents, equipping agents with better technology to detect drugs and illegal immigration, and additional E-Verify requirements. Support is the Limited Government Position as an unsecured southern border presents a major national security risk and places an enormous strain on taxpayer-funded resources, ranging from law enforcement to welfare to education. While lawmakers should work to boost merit-based immigration to expand the U.S. workforce and economy, major policy changes must be made to curb illegal immigration and prevent dangerous individuals from entering the country.

Combatting Illegal Immigration by Including the "Secure the Border Act" within the Debt Limit Bill.

The Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO) amendment #93 to the Fiscal Responsibility Act imposes an additional tariff of 25 percent on all imports from China until the alleged trade deficit between the U.S. and China reaches zero. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this measure will inflict tremendous harm on the U.S. economy through an additional 25 percent tax (tariff) on countless products used every day by Americans. It will also make U.S. businesses less competitive globally by hiking costs on materials sourced from China. Additionally, the amendment represents a misunderstanding of economic principles by attempting to reduce the "trade deficit" to zero, a level it is already at when accounting for factors such as Chinese investment in U.S. securities, stocks, real estate, services, and other items that do not physically cross the border. Free trade has been a foundational principle of limited government dating back to Adam Smith, the father of modern economics, who identified the disastrous consequences of protectionist trade practices in his 1775 book "The Wealth of Nations".

Spiking Business and Consumer Costs by Imposing an Additional 25% Tax on Imports from China to Balance a Fictitious Trade Deficit.

This resolution, introduced by Sen. Bill Casidy (R-LA), utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the rule issued by the Department of Education titled "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Under the rule, the amount students have to repay the federal government for their student loans is reduced by roughly 40 percent, with $156 billion in student loan forgiveness expected to be provided over the next 10 years as a result of the rule. Support is the Limited Government Position as this rule further expands wealth redistribution through higher education. While it is a necessary role for government to provide quality K-12 education, individuals who elect to pursue activities other than higher education - such as those who start their own businesses or work in the trades - should not be forced to pay for others' college tuition. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Combatting Wealth Redistribution by Blocking the Biden Administration's $156 Billion Student Loan Forgiveness Scheme.

This resolution introduced by Rep. Bob Good (R-VA) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify the rule issued by the Department of Education on October 12, 2022, that suspends federal student loan payments and discharges debt. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the total cost of the Biden administration's student loan forgiveness plan is between $500 billion and $650 billion. Support is the Limited Government Position as the Biden administration's plan further expands wealth redistribution through higher education. While it is a necessary role for government to provide quality K-12 education, individuals who elect to pursue activities other than higher education - such as those who start their own businesses or work in the trades - should not be forced to pay for others' college tuition. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $33 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the over $185 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Protecting Taxpayers by Blocking $650 Billion in Student Loan Forgiveness Authorized by the Biden Administration.

This bill, the "Fire Grants and Safety Act", sponsored by Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI), reauthorizes grant programs designed to bolster local fire departments through FY 2030. These programs include the Assistance to Firefighters Grants (AFG) Program and the Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response (SAFER) Grant Program at a cost of $2.8 billion. These grant programs were originally created in 2000 as a result of a budget surplus and provided $110 million, but have since grown 18-fold. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as it is the role of state and local governments - not the federal bureaucracy - to provide funding and allocate the resources necessary to ensure fire protection. While fire and EMS are essential government functions, these federal grant programs are rife with waste and cronyism and fail to direct taxpayer funds to where they would be most beneficial and impactful.

Reauthorizing Wasteful Federal Fire Fighting Grant Programs that are Best Handled and Funded by State and Local Governments.

The "Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024" sponsored by Sen. Thomas Carper would direct the Army Corps of Engineers to carry out 17 new water infrastructure projects and study dozens of other potential ones. Some of the authorized ventures include a $2.7 billion storm risk reduction effort in Miami, a $26.7 million stormwater management initiative outside Memphis, Tennessee, and $2.1 billion toward restoration of the Everglades. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as these projects do not pertain to national security or any other national need. The costs of these projects - which provide benefits to only select states or regions - should not be socialized onto federal taxpayers. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control federal spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Socializing the Costs of Regional Projects onto Federal Taxpayers through the "Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act".

The "National Defense Authorization Act" (NDAA) as passed on December 11, 2024, spans 1,800 pages and contains $895.2 billion in spending (a $9 billion increase over FY24 and $120 billion increase since FY20). It should be noted that at this time the Pentagon failed its seventh consecutive audit. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as taxpayers can't continue to pour hundreds of billions of dollars into a broken pitcher. Major reforms must be made within the department of defense to cut waste, fraud and abuse and ensure our armed forces have the resources they need to protect our nation. Note: this custom vote only records Republican positions on the bill on the grounds of spending. Another custom vote records Democrat positions on the basis of DEI and transgender issues.

Passing a Fiscally Irresponsible National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) which Hikes Spending by $9 Billion Despite the Pentagon Recently Failing its Audit.

The "National Defense Authorization Act" (NDAA) as passed on December 11, 2024, spans 1,800 pages and includes key provisions which ban transgender medical treatments for minors and limit diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs in the military. Support is the Limited Government Position as taxpayer funds should not be utilized to promote DEI or provide elective services surrounding gender reassignment, as is the current case with Botox and other procedures designed to improve physical appearance. All such services and costs should be the responsibility of the individuals seeking to obtain them, not U.S. taxpayers. Note: this custom vote only records Democrat positions on the bill on the grounds of DEI and transgender issues. Another custom vote records Republican positions on the basis of spending.

Passing a National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) which Bans DEI and Gender Reassignment Surgeries in the Military.

The "Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025" sponsored by Tom Cole (R-OK) helps avert a shutdown by extending government funding through December 20, 2024. The bill extends disaster relief and contains $230 million in additional funding for Secret Service in response to the two assassination attempts against President Trump. However, the bill does not include a GOP-backed provision requiring proof-of-citizenship when registering to vote. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this bill fails to include a critical provision needed to strengthen the integrity of elections and merely further "kicks the can down the road" on fiscal responsibility. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Extending Government Funding without a Critical Provision to Strengthen Election Integrity or Other Fiscal Restraints through the "Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025".

This resolution sponsored by Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) would enact a "Six Penny Plan" federal budget. The plan would balance on-budget outlays and revenues within five years by cutting six pennies off every dollar projected to be spent in the next five fiscal years. According to the sponsor, the plan would reduce spending by $329 billion in the first year, and accomplishes the balanced budget even with the provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act being made permanent. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure represents an excellent pathway to restoring fiscal order to Congress. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Restoring Fiscal Sanity through a "Six Penny Plan" Federal Budget that Makes Significant Cuts in Spending and Balances the Budget within Five Years.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) amendment #3289 to the "Veterans Benefits Continuity and Accountability Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024" would rescind $2.9 billion in Department of Energy loan guarantees to pay for the provisions in the underlying bill. The bill is in response to the PACT Act (also known as the "burn pit bill") that was passed in 2022 and drastically expanded veteran healthcare coverages - which has now created a $3 billion budget shortfall. According to the sponsor, "Which is more important, subsidizing millionaire owners of green energy or paying for veterans' benefits? Why not take one to pay for the other?" Support is the Limited Government Position as the Institute for Legislative Analysis' had correctly noted two years prior that the PACT Act would "create countless avenues for devious plaintiffs' attorneys to advance fraudulent health and disability claims and will likely further overload the VA". This amendment serves as a step in the right direction in covering the cost of the disastrous PACT Act which is expected to cost taxpayers over $700 billion.

Protecting Taxpayers by Reappropriating Wasteful Funding in the DOE to Pay for the Runaway Costs from the Disastrous PACT Act.

The "Right to IVF Act" sponsored by Sen. Tammy Duckworth (D-IL) is a package of previously introduced measures and most notably would establish a new "right" to access fertility treatments (e.g., in vitro fertilization). The bill includes a nationwide right for patients to access IVF and other ART services and a right for doctors to provide IVF treatment in accordance with medical standards. The bill also contains provisions which require all employer-sponsored insurance plans and other public insurance plans to cover fertility treatments, plus provides a new cause of action for individuals and healthcare providers. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as while all individuals should have the freedom to choose IVF, the bill contains additional provisions which expand government overreach and unnecessarily hike healthcare and insurance costs. Furthermore, the bill advances frivolous litigation through the establishment of a new cause of action.

Providing a New "Right to IVF" which Includes Insurance Mandates and New Abilities to Bring Frivolous Lawsuits.

The "Right to Contraception Act" sponsored by Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) would create a new statutory right to obtain and use contraceptives and gives health care providers a right to provide contraceptives and share information about them. The bill also creates a new cause of action allowing anyone to bring a lawsuit if they believe their right to contraception has been infringed. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as while every person should have the freedom to utilize contraception, this bill creates a new avenue for individuals to abuse the legal system and bring frivolous litigation against businesses, religious organizations and other individuals.

Advancing Frivolous Litigation by Establishing a New Cause of Action under the "Right to Contraception Act".

This resolution introduced by Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a Biden administration rule issued by the Department of Energy on December 18, 2023, titled "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces". The rule requires gas furnaces to achieve an efficiency standard of 95 percent when right now, residential gas furnaces only require an efficiency standard of 80 percent. According to the sponsor, "this rule would remove up to 60 percent of current residential furnaces from the market and would impact 55 percent of American households". Support is the Limited Government Position as consumers within a free market - not central planning by government bureaucrats - should have the freedom to choose the type of furnace that best meets their needs. This measure serves as a step in the right direction to combatting government overreach which unnecessarily hikes consumer costs.

Utilizing the Congressional Review Act to Overturn a Draconian Biden Administration DOE Rule Imposing Energy Efficiency Mandates on Furnaces.

This resolution introduced by Rep. Mike Flood (R-NE) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a Biden administration rule issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2022, titled "Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121". This rule requires financial institutions and firms that are safeguarding their customers' digital assets (such as crypto-currency) to hold the assets on their balance sheet. The rule has received criticism due to the fact the regulations makes it cost prohibitive for banks and other financial institutions to serve as custodians for digital assets. Support is the Limited Government Position as the Biden administration rule has largely roadblocked the ability of banks to hold digital assets, thus harming growth and innovation in the crypto-currency industry. This measure provides critical regulatory relief.

Overturning a Biden Administration Rule Making it Cost Prohibitive for Banks to Hold Crypto-Currencies for their Customers.

This resolution introduced by Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a Biden administration rule issued by the Department of Treasury on November 20, 2023, titled "Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds". The rule changed the definition of "obligation" as it relates to State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds and extended the timeline for spending the COVID-19 relief money from 2024 to 2026. According to the sponsor, the rule violates the expiration dates laid out in the American Rescue Plan and treats taxpayer money "as a slush fund for pet projects by Biden's Treasury" and will "cost American families an extra $1,200 per year". Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure helps prevent the waste of an enormous amount of taxpayer funds. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Overturning a Biden Administration Rule which Allows the Waste and Misuse of $13 Billion in Taxpayer Funds through the Extension of the Expiration of Covid-19 Relief Funds.

The Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) amendment #1626 to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would cut $110 million in spending on administrative costs at the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) pertaining to the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program. According to the sponsor, "this is a good government amendment" as only $226 million of the $337 million for BEAD administrative costs has been justified. The amendment also cuts funding for a new initiative related to "Algorithmic Justice" which is undefined. Under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, $42.45 billion was provided to the BEAD Program for high-speed internet access expansion, providing significant subsidies to companies such as Comcast. Support is the Limited Government Position as the BEAD program should be eliminated in its entirety. The private sector and free market are best equipped to determine where broadband is most needed and which expansion projects are most economically viable. The BEAD program forces taxpayers to enrich woke corporations such as Comcast for infrastructure which is unnecessary due to significant advances in satellite technology from Comcast's competitors, such as Elon Musk's Starlink.

Cutting $110 Million from a Wasteful Program that Enriches Woke Companies Such as Comcast for Broadband Expansion that is No Longer Necessary Due to Musk's Starlink.

The "Radiation Exposure Compensation Reauthorization Act" (RECA) sponsored by Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO) would extend RECA for an additional six years past its current sunset date of June 7, 2024. RECA was enacted in 1990 under George H.W. Bush to compensate individuals exposed to fallout from nuclear weapons testing between 1947 and 1961. The bill also includes provisions which increase payouts and eligibility, as well as expand the regions covered to include the bill sponsor's district in St. Louis, Missouri. The bill does not contain any funding for the new entitlement, which is estimated to cost at a minimum of between $50 to $100 billion over the next ten years for the St. Louis region alone. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as expansion and creation of a new entitlement program that lacks critical safeguards and limits on eligibility will result in a fiscal catastrophe. Federal taxpayers have already experienced a similar fiscal nightmare and skyrocketing costs resulting from the poorly crafted World Trade Center Health Program, which requires constant additional taxpayer cash infusions. Unfortunately, greedy plaintiffs' attorneys seek out any individual who may be remotely impacted by an event and work to extract enormous payouts at the expense of taxpayers.

Threatening a Fiscal Nightmare through the Extension and Expansion of the Entitlement Program "Radiation Exposure Compensation Act" (RECA).

The "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024" sponsored by Rep. Kay Granger (R-TX) would avert a partial government shutdown by extending government funding by a week (March 8) for six agencies and March 22 for others. The extension serves as a stopgap as the final details on a broader extension are finalized. According to bill opponents, the broader bill will not provide any substantial spending reductions at a time the nation is facing $1 trillion in annual interest payment on the debt. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this measure merely kicks the can down the road to advance a fiscally irresponsible budget. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing a Fiscally Irresponsible Budget by Kicking the Can Down the Road through the "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024".

The Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) motion to the "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024" would instruct the Senate Committee on Appropriations to insert the text of H.R. 2 (the Secure the Border Act of 2023), as passed by the House of Representatives on May 11, 2023. According to the sponsor, "H.R. 2 contains a comprehensive plan to secure the border, to stop catch-and- release, to build the wall, to stop visa overstays, and to reform abuse of immigration, parole, and asylum laws". Support is the Limited Government Position as ensuring public safety and national defense is arguably the most important role of government. Failure to secure our nation's border and deport those residing in the country unlawfully not only has catastrophic implications on the ability to maintain law and order, but also creates countless other issues, ranging from welfare to the education system.

Combatting Illegal Immigration by Inserting the "Secure the Border Act" into the "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024".

The Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) motion to the "Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024" would instruct the Senate Committee on Appropriations to adjust the bill into a full-year CR funding government through September 30, 2024. According to the sponsor, this adjustment would save taxpayers $130 billion and place regular nondefense at a level $40 billion less than in fiscal year 2023. Support is the Limited Government Position as this motion increases fiscal responsibility. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Cutting Government Spending by $130 Billion by Extending the Duration of the CR through September of 2024.

This bill introduced by Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID) would prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency from enforcing the rule titled "Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles" which was issued on April 18, 2024. This rule, which requires roughly 70% of new car and truck sales to be electric in less than 10 years, imposes much stricter emission standards for cars and light-duty trucks. Support is the Limited Government Position as this draconian EPA rule infringes consumer choice, drives up the cost of automobiles, and will result in the elimination of gas-powered performance vehicles. This bill is critical to combatting the actions of government bureaucrats to centrally plan the product sales of automotive manufactures in order to advance a radical and politicized environmental agenda.

Blocking a Biden Administration Mandate that Forces 70% of New Car Sales to be Electric by 2032.

This resolution introduced by Rep. John James (R-MI) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a Biden administration rule issued by the National Labor Relations Board on October 27, 2023, titled "Standard for Determining Joint Employer Status". The rule largely reestablished the broad Obama-era standard of "joint employment" whereby one company could be held legally liable for another businesses' employees even if they do not directly oversee them. This rule has a large impact on business and labor law, including collective bargaining, pay, scheduling and employer liability for unfair labor practices. Support is the Limited Government Position as the Biden administration rule inflicts significant harm on small businesses including higher compliance, legal and labor costs. This measure is critical to restoring a small-business friendly regulatory environment which boosts hiring and economic growth.

Utilizing the Congressional Review Act to Overturn Anti-Small Business Regulations Imposed by the Biden Administration Surrounding "Joint Employer Status".

This resolution introduced by Sen. Kevin Cramer (R-ND) utilizes the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to nullify a Biden administration rule issued by the Federal Highway Administration on December 7, 2023, titled "National Performance Management Measures; Assessing Performance of the National Highway System, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measure". The rule imposes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions performance measures on state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations. According to the sponsor, "New York and North Dakota have very different transportation systems, needs, and capabilities, but under this one-size-fits all mandate, they're effectively treated the same. A subway stop at a cattle ranch is silly and unserious, and so is the idea of widespread EV use in North Dakota". Support is the Limited Government Position as it is not the role of the federal government to centrally plan the operations of local transportation entities. Such politicized mandates unnecessarily drive-up taxpayer costs and enrich companies providing energy efficiency services.

Utilizing the Congressional Review Act to Overturn Greenhouse Gas Emission Mandates on Local Transportation Entities Imposed by the Biden Administration.

The Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC) amendment #1740 to the "Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would prevent illegal immigrants who commit the crime of burglary, theft, or shoplifting from being granted legal status or citizenship. According to the sponsor, the amendment is "particularly relevant in the case of Laken Riley, where the illegal alien who murdered her had previously been arrested for those crimes". Support is the Limited Government Position as ensuring public safety and national defense is arguably the most important role of government. Failure to secure our nation's border and deport those residing in the country unlawfully not only has catastrophic implications on the ability to maintain law and order, but also creates countless other issues, ranging from welfare to the education system.

Strengthening Public Safety by Denying Legal Status to Any Illegal Immigrant Who Commits the Crime of Burglary, Theft, or Shoplifting.

The Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC) amendment #1807 to the "Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would prevent illegal immigrants who commit the crime of assaulting a law enforcement officer from ever obtaining legal status or citizenship. According to the sponsor, anyone who beats up a cop and is here illegally should not be allowed to legally remain in the country. Support is the Limited Government Position as ensuring public safety and national defense is arguably the most important role of government. Failure to secure our nation's border and deport those residing in the country unlawfully not only has catastrophic implications on the ability to maintain law and order, but also creates countless other issues, ranging from welfare to the education system.

Strengthening Public Safety by Denying Legal Status to Any Illegal Immigrant Who Commits the Crime of Assaulting a Law Enforcement Officer.

This motion tables (defeats) the Sen. Ron Johnson (R-WI) amendment #1706 to the "Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024". The amendment prohibits Labor, HHS, and Education funding from being provided to sanctuary cities that do not comply with requests from DHS to provide advance notice of date and time illegal immigrants are scheduled to be released from local custody. According to the sponsor, "in the last 4 months, we have seen a string of horrific crimes in which the suspects are illegal immigrants" which include individuals stabbed to death, murdered by gunfire, and beaten to death - such as Laken Riley. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as ensuring public safety and national defense is arguably the most important role of government. Failure to secure our nation's border and deport those residing in the country unlawfully not only has catastrophic implications on the ability to maintain law and order, but also creates countless other issues, ranging from welfare to the education system.

Providing Federal Funds to Sanctuary Cities Despite their Refusal to Comply with ICE Detainers for Illegal Immigrants.

The Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) amendment #1795 to the "Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would bar federal funds from being used to label speech as disinformation and prevents the government from coercing online platforms into removing speech. According to the sponsor, the Federal Government and its leviathan of agencies should not be allowed to coerce and collude with social media companies to censor speech online. The amendment is in response to government entities such as the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and its infamous "Disinformation Governance Board". Support is the Limited Government Position as federal entities such as the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) have clearly exceeded their statutory duties and have worked to infringe free speech as protected under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This fiscally responsible measure helps ensure taxpayer funds are redirected to advancing core duties of government.

Combatting Government Censorship and Infringement of Free Speech Rights of Americans by Prohibiting Federal Funds for Labeling Speech as "Disinformation" or Coercing Online Platforms.

The Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) motion to the "Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would instruct the Senate Committee on Appropriations to cut 5 percent from the bill. Amounts made available to the Department of Defense or for securing the international border of the U.S. are exempted from reductions. According to the sponsor, "we are spending at such a rate that we add an average of a trillion dollars to the debt every 90 days. If that pace continues, instead of $1.5 trillion it could be up to $4 trillion in the next year". Support is the Limited Government Position as this motion is a step in the right direction to advancing a fiscally responsible budget. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Advancing Fiscal Responsibility through a 5% Cut to the Bloated $1.2 Trillion Spending Package.

The "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" sponsored by Rep. John Carter (R-TX) is a $460 billion minibus funding several government agencies through Fiscal Year 2024. Overall spending levels are generally flat compared to the prior year with increases for some agencies and decreases for others. For example, the bill provides a 10% cut to the EPA, 7% cut to ATF, and a 6% cut to the FBI. However, the bill continues to fund the Essential Air Service program and contains countless earmarks which fund pet projects of lawmakers, especially at the Army Corps of Engineers where spending is increased 7-fold. The bill also provides increased spending for a number of welfare programs such as WIC, plus $3.3 billion for community development block grants. Furthermore, hundreds of millions is directed to fight climate change through carbon capture. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this bill maintains the unsustainable spending levels which were hiked during the COVID-19 pandemic and is chock-full of wasteful pet-projects of special interests. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country. Note: A Democratic lawmaker who opposed the bill was recorded as "X" due to the fact their opposition was not the spending but rather minor provisions pertaining to gun control.

Fueling Out-of-Control Spending through a Budget Bill Filled with Waste and Funding Earmarked for Pet Projects of Lawmakers.

The Sen. Rick Scott (R-FL) motion to the "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024" would instruct the Senate Committee on Appropriations to remove all Community Project Funding and Congressionally Directed Spending (commonly referred to as "earmarks) within the bill. The bill contains roughly 6,600 earmarks at a cost of $12 billion. According to the sponsor, "Earmarks are a corrupt practice" and "the American taxpayer should not be used as a political piggybank". Support is the Limited Government Position as earmarks fuel corruption within the political process and incentivize runaway and wasteful spending for lawmaker pet projects. Lawmakers must rein in the out-of-control spending and $35 trillion in national debt, which, when coupled with the $200 trillion in federal liabilities, represents the greatest existential threat facing this country.

Restoring Fiscal Responsibility in the Appropriations Bill by Cutting the 6,600 Earmarks that Total $12 Billion in Runaway Spending for Lawmaker Pet Projects.

The "Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024" sponsored by Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO) would expand numerous tax credit programs that benefit select businesses and certain individuals with low-incomes. For example, the bill expands the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program and increases welfare payments for low-income families under the child tax credit program from $1,600 to $2,000 per child, including allowing a greater number of illegal immigrants to receive benefits. Additionally, the bill provides businesses with research and development expenses with more favorable tax deductions, while also extending certain provisions under the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017, including the bonus depreciation provision. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this bill grows the welfare state and government dependency - including for illegal immigrants - while continuing to distort the tax code to provide benefits to select businesses and taxpayers. Instead of this cronyism, lawmakers should provide broad tax relief by lowering the tax brackets or most preferably, transition to a flat tax.

Growing the Welfare State and Tax Cronyism through the "Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act".

This motion blocks a resolution sponsored by Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) which would prevent the Biden administration from utilizing U.S. military servicemembers to operate a pier on the coast of the Gaza Strip. The $230 million military-run project known as the Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore system, or JLOTS, consisted of a floating pier that would only operate for about 20 days and undercut certain actions taken by Israel. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as the Gaza pier boondoggle represented a failed political stunt and unnecessarily cost taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars. Furthermore, it created unnecessary tensions between the U.S. and Israel and placed American service members in harms way.

Placing American Service Members at Risk of Harm and Creating Unnecessary U.S. Tensions with Israel by Authorizing the Biden Admin's Boondoggle Floating Pier Project in Gaza.

The "FY2024 supplemental appropriations" sponsored by Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA) is a package of four bills approved in the U.S. House of Representatives and amounts to $95 billion in foreign aid. This includes $61 billion in aid to Ukraine, $26 billion for the Israel-Hamas conflict ($15 billion for Israel, $9 billion for Gaza, $2.4 billion for regional U.S. operations) and $8 billion for Taiwan and countries in the Indo-Pacific region. The bill also contains a provision banning the social media platform TikTok, which is a subsidiary of Chinese-owned company ByteDance Ltd. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as Americans cannot afford to continue to pour hundreds of billions into Ukraine - especially without proper safeguards to prevent corruption and waste. Additionally, while a TikTok ban across government platforms is reasonable considering national security, it ultimately should be up to individual Americans to weigh the risks of TikTok and determine their usage - not politicians - absent a much more substantial threat to national security.

Placing America Last by Providing $95 Billion in Foreign Aid to Ukraine and Other Nations and Imposing an Overreaching Ban on the Social Media Platform TikTok.

The "Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act" sponsored by Rep. Laurel Lee (R-FL) would reauthorize Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) for five years, including the reauthorization of Section 702 for two years - which allows the government to spy on noncitizens located abroad without a warrant. While Section 702 prohibits the NSA and FBI from "intentionally" targeting Americans through its mass surveillance, these agencies acquire a huge amount of innocent Americans' communications "incidentally." These agencies can then conduct backdoor, warrantless searches of these "incidentally collected" communications. According to a 2021 FBI report, the agency conducted 3.4 million warrantless searches on Americans through Section 702. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as the reauthorization of Section 702 of FISA - including with the in-name-only "reforms" - violates the protections provided to Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Weakening Civil Liberties by Reauthorizing FISA with Section 702 - Which has Allowed the Warrantless Surveillance of the Trump Campaign and Millions of Other Americans.

Year
2024	—	0.00	0.00	—	25.00	14.29	0.00	—
2023	0.00	0.00	—	0.00	0.00	37.50	4.76	0.00
2022	0.00	—	0.00	20.00	0.00	33.33	5.00	33.33

Year	Score	Role	Party
2024	5.05	Sen	D
2023	7.14	Sen	D
2022	9.30	Sen	D

Margaret Hassan

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