Institute for Legislative Analysis

Stephen A. Huffman

This resolution urges the United States President and Secretary of Defense to not allow members of the U.S. Armed Forces to be punished, reprimanded, or discharged for refusing to submit to a COVID-19 vaccination. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure helps protect the individual liberties of those serving our country in the U.S. Armed Services. While certain standards and requirements placed on members of the U.S. Armed Forces may be necessary to ensure their readiness for combat, submitting them to greatly ineffective COVID-19 vaccinations represents government overreach.

Urging the President and Secretary of Defense to Respect the Individual Liberties of Members within the U.S. Armed Forces and End the COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates.

This appropriations bill contains 84 pages of various grants, tax incentives, credits and abatements for select industries and property owners. For example, the bill provides $65 million in grants to minor league sports teams and certain cultural facilities, exempts certain watercraft that are stored and repaired in the state from sales tax, provides $25,000 tax credits for employers to train commercial vehicle operators, and various tax abatements to property owners through enterprise zones and Tax-Increment-Financing (TIFs). Oppose is the Limited Government Position as not only do the policies within this measure provide competitive advantages to select companies and industries, but shift tax burdens to other individuals and businesses not favored by government. Instead of expanding government central planning, lawmakers should work to reduce tax rates for all companies and remove regulatory barriers so the free market can spur investment in the most needed initiatives and regions of the state.

Expanding Cronyism through Numerous Tax Credits and Carve-Outs to Government-Favored Industries and Property Owners.

This bill improves the transparency of all ballot measures that relate to property taxation. Under the bill, the property tax levy rate must be displayed in dollars per $100,000 of taxable value, versus the previous practice of dollars for each $100 of value. This adjustment makes it easier for voters to understand the consequences of the tax adjustment. Additionally, the bill requires ballot measures to estimate the amount of revenue the levy will collect. Support is the Limited Government Position as this bill helps combat excessive taxation by making property tax measures more transparent and relatable to the average voter. Property taxation should be set as low as possible to maintain housing affordability and spur development.

Combatting Excessive Property Taxation by Improving Transparency of Ballot Measures.

This bill places limits on the ability of political subdivisions and school districts to contest the property valuations of privately-owned structures and land that the subdivisions and districts may believe are assessed too low. Under the bill, valuations may only be contested if the property was sold in a certain timeframe and the sale price was at least 10% and $500,000 more than the auditor's current valuation. Support is the Limited Government Position as while all property value should be fairly and accurately assessed, some local governments have abused their ability to challenge property valuations, which has led to excessive taxation. Lawmakers at both the state and local level should take every action to eliminate all unnecessary spending and ensure every property owner is taxed at the lowest level possible.

Protecting Property Owners from Excessive Taxation by Limiting the Ability of Local Governments to Contest Property Valuation.

This bill prohibits local governments from imposing additional regulations or bans on tobacco and alternative nicotine products. The bill is largely in response to actions taken by the city of Columbus to impose a local ban on flavored tobacco products. Support is the Limited Government Position as tobacco usage is an individual liberty which should be protected at every level of government, especially considering the U.S. Constitution only recognizes the role of the federal and state government.

Strengthening Individual Rights by Prohibiting Local Bans on Tobacco and Alternative Nicotine Products.

This bill is designed to provide broad tax relief by allowing owners of businesses designated as pass-through entities (PTE)s to pay Ohio tax at the entity level versus the investor level. As a result, most small business owners are now able to deduct the full amount State and Local Taxes (SALT) they pay from their federal tax liability. The bill is in response to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) passed at the federal level which limits state and local tax deductions to a maximum of $10,000 per taxpayer. Support is the Limited Government Position as the controversial SALT cap within the TCJA increased tax burdens on a number of small business owners. This broadly applied pro-growth tax measure helps ensure a greater amount of resources are kept in the private sector.

Providing Broad Tax Relief to Small Business Owners through a Mechanism that Allows Avoidance of the Federal $10k Cap on SALT Deductions.

The Schaffer amendment to a local government appropriations bill increases the number of hours to work to 1,976 for certain township first responders to be considered "full-time" for the purpose of healthcare coverage. Support is the Limited Government Position as this amendment increases government integrity. The hiring, staffing and benefit practices at every level of government should be structured in a manner that ensures the greatest return for taxpayers.

Protecting Taxpayers by Raising the Number of Hours Township First Responders are Expected to Work to Be Considered "Full Time".

This resolution amends the Ohio Constitution to ensure voting in local elections is reserved for citizens only and prohibits localities from approving non-citizens to vote. The bill is in response to a case in the Southwest Ohio village of Yellow Springs where the council passed a charter amendment to allow all residents 16 years of age and older to vote - regardless of citizenship. Support is the Limited Government Position as ensuring the ability to vote is reserved for only citizens is a critical component to ensure free and fair elections, an essential component of democracy under our nation's constitutional republic.

Strengthening Election Integrity through a Constitutional Amendment to Prohibit Non-Citizens from Voting in Local Elections.

This bill contains over a dozen provisions that overhaul the state's election law. Most notably, the bill requires voters to present an ID when they cast their ballot in person, such as drivers' licenses, state IDs, and passports. The bill also requires completed mail-in ballots to arrive within four days of an election (previously ten), permits only one ballot drop box per county, prohibits curbside voting except in cases of disability, and requires voters wishing to vote by mail to request a ballot at least seven days prior to an election instead of three. Support is the Limited Government Position as requiring voters to present an ID and maintaining safeguards to prevent voter fraud are critical aspects of ensuring free and fair elections, an essential component of democracy under our nation's constitutional republic.

Reduce Voter Fraud by Strengthening Election Integrity through Voter ID and other Reforms to Mail-in-Voting.

This resolution urges the United States Congress and President to implement policies and enact legislation that boosts American energy production. Among the declarations, this includes constructing new oil and gas pipelines, such as the Keystone XL pipeline, and providing federal lease sales for offshore drilling. Support is the Limited Government Position as low-cost energy is essential to growing the economy and improving the quality of life for all Americans. With renewable energy only accounting for about 20 percent of the U.S. energy supply, the country must adopt an "all of the above" approach to energy production that balances environmental concerns with the need to provide Americans with the lowest possible energy costs.

Urging Congress to Boost American Energy Production through Construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline and Offshore Drilling.

This bill creates a "regulatory sandbox" to authorize companies to test certain financial products and services in Ohio on a temporary basis without having to obtain special authorization or undergo additional licensure. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure helps spur innovation and expand consumer choice and competition in the marketplace. This measure is especially needed in Ohio where the state's regulatory code is plagued by over 274,000 restrictions, which is among the highest in the nation.

Bolstering Innovation in the Financial Industry through the Creation of a "Regulatory Sandbox" Program.

This bill contains a major provision which prevents all local governments (previously just municipal corporations and townships) from imposing rent controls or rent stabilization. "Rent controls" are price controls, which require landlords to rent their properties at below-market rates, while "Rent stabilization" restricts the ability of a landlord to raise a rent above a certain amount set by the government. Support is the Limited Government Position as rent controls and stabilization are price controls, which distort the free market, lead to shortages, and reduced consumer choice and quality. In the case of housing, fewer homeowners are incentivized to rent out their properties, and those that do rarely invest in upgrades or improve quality since they are unable to charge higher rents.

Strengthening Property Rights and Maintaining Housing Affordability by Preventing All Local Governments from Imposing Rent Controls.

This bill requires state agencies to lease state-controlled land for oil and natural gas drilling and fracking. Other notable provisions include the designation of natural gas as a "green energy" and prohibiting localities from enacting any additional regulations on pesticides. Support is the Limited Government Position as this bill expands American energy production, which results in lower consumer costs, and provides taxpayers additional revenue, allowing for reduced levels of taxation.

Increasing Ohio Energy Production by Advancing Oil and Gas Drilling Beneath State-Owned Land.

This bill makes a couple revisions to the state's labor laws concerning overtime. First, the bill exempts employee travel to and from a worksite or activity from overtime pay requirements. Second, the bill clarifies that an employee is not a plaintiff in a lawsuit alleging an overtime violation unless the employee first gives written consent to become a plaintiff and the consent is filed in court. Support is the Limited Government Position as employees and employers should be free to negotiate their own employment agreements and terms of compensation without undue interference by government. Government overreach and wage regulations drive up costs and ultimately reduce employment opportunities.

Expanding Employment Opportunities and Combatting Lawsuit Abuse through Revisions to the State's Overtime Laws.

This bill requires state licensing authorities to recognize the occupational licenses held by individuals from other states, with certain exceptions. The bill also requires recognition of certification or work experience in cases where an individual is coming from a state that does not require a license for their occupation. The bill still requires individuals to pass an exam or undergo a background check if such actions are required for licensure by Ohio licensing authorities. Support is the Limited Government Position as the private sector, via certifications, rating systems, and the free market, is much better equipped to provide consumer protection while also ensuring competition and low consumer costs. Most government licensing entities are overly restrictive and are largely advocated by special interests seeking to restrict competition in the marketplace.

Reducing Employment Barriers and Expanding Competition by Enacting Occupational Licensing Reciprocity.

This resolution urges Congress to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act to allow individuals under 16 years of age to be employed between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. during the school year, if they have approval to do so from their parents. Support is the Limited Government Position as obtaining early employment experience can pay dividends in both short- and long-term career growth, earnings, and real world business experience. Additionally, such reforms can boost economic growth and lower business and consumer costs.

Urging Congress to Implement Reforms that Increase the Number of Hours Teenagers can Work to Boost Employment Experience and Economic Growth.

This bill establishes of new requirements under the state's unemployment compensation system for the Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS) to implement to help reduce fraud. Some of the key provisions include providing ODJFS access to the state's driver's license database to help verify applicants' identities, only disbursing benefits by direct deposit to institutions with a physical location in the state, and establishing a verification system using state tax information in the event the federal government offers expanded benefits like during the COVID-19 pandemic. Support is the Limited Government Position as combatting fraud within the state's unemployment insurance system is critical to maintaining low payroll taxes for businesses which are forced to pay into the system. While unemployment insurance should not be carried out by government - rather, a system should be established whereby individuals and companies can purchase into a program on the private marketplace -, lawmakers have a duty to maintain the integrity of the system.

Reducing Unemployment Insurance Fraud through Multiple New Verification Requirements.

This bill makes several reforms to the licensing requirements under the State Cosmetology and Barber Board. Most notably, the bill reduces the number of required training hours to receive a barber license (previously 1,800 hours) and cosmetology license (previously 1,500 hours) to 1,000 hours each. Additionally, the bill eliminates the licensing and registration requirements for an individual to perform "boutique services," such as natural hair styling. Support is the Limited Government Position as the private sector, via certifications, rating systems, and the free market, is much better equipped to provide consumer protection while also ensuring competition and low consumer costs. The Cosmetology industry - due to many special interests such as cosmetology schools - represents one of the worst examples of government licensing run amuck. Countless states, including Ohio, require over a thousand hours of training to perform hair and beautification services, which should require a license to conduct. In comparison, an Emergency Medical Technician is required to undergo 150 hours of training in Ohio (equal to the national average), or less than a tenth of the amount of someone who provides haircuts.

Slightly Reducing the State's Overreaching Cosmetology Licensing Mandates.

This bill authorizes local school boards to select certain school staff to arm and creates the Ohio School Safety and Crisis Center within the Department of Public Safety. The Center is tasked with maintaining a list of individuals the school board has approved to carry a firearm and providing instructions and firearm training to the individuals. Support is the Limited Government Position as ensuring public safety and protecting children is one of the most important functions of government. "Gun free zones" do not protect children, rather they place students and staff in defenseless positions against criminals who do not abide by the law. This measure helps prevent tragedies by ensuring carefully vetted and trained staff are able to protect themselves and their school community.

Strengthening School Security by Permitting School Boards to Train and Arm Certain School Staff Members.

This bill prohibits a locality from establishing any ordinance or regulation that inhibits a person's ability to own or carry a knife. The bill also establishes that knives as arms are necessary for the exercise of fundamental individual rights, along with firearms and firearm ammunition. Support is the Limited Government Position as James Madison and our nation\'s other founding fathers understood that the right to keep and bear arms (including knives) is a crucial individual liberty and protects the citizenry against a tyrannical government.

Strengthening Individual Liberties by Preventing Localities from Infringing on the Right to Own or Carry Knives.

This bill authorizes qualifying adults 21 years and older to carry a concealed firearm without having to obtain a special permit from the state - a measure commonly referred to as "constitutional carry". To carry, an individual must be a legal resident, not convicted of a felony or misdemeanor within the past three to five years, not be mentally ill, and otherwise not forbidden under state or federal law. Support is the Limited Government Position as James Madison and our nation\'s other founding fathers understood that the right to keep and bear arms is a crucial individual liberty and protects the citizenry against a tyrannical government. This measure helps reduce unnecessary barriers for lawful individuals wishing to exercise their Second Amendment rights, barriers which do nothing to deter criminals from engaging in unlawful behavior.

Strengthening Second Amendment Rights by Enacting "Constitutional Carry" Allowing Qualified Adults 21 and Older to Carry a Concealed Firearm without a Special Permit.

This bill expands the state's Medicaid system (government-provided healthcare to individuals earning up to 138% of the poverty level) to include coverage of a greater range of chiropractor services. The bill prohibits the Medicaid program from imposing any prior authorization requirements on chiropractic services, such as receiving a referral or visiting a doctor to determine if the services are necessary. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as this measure further increases government dependency under a state system that already provides substantial benefits due to its expansion under Obamacare. Lawmakers should work to reduce barriers for the private sector (through charitable endeavors) to direct aid and assistance to those that truly need it, not expand ineffective welfare systems.

Increasing Government Dependency by Expanding Medicaid Under Obamacare to Include Coverage of Additional Chiropractor Services.

This bill allows an individual to request an expedited appeal of a building official's order by a before the state or local board of appeals. If an expedited appeal is requested the board must commence the appeal within one day after the request is made (excluding weekends and holidays) and hold a hearing within five days after receiving the request. The cost for a person to request an expedited appeal is between $500 and $1,000. Support is the Limited Government Position as permitting delays can result in substantial additional costs imposed on builders and property owners. A system of swift oversight of government building officials is necessary as they do not bear any financial cost for their actions. This is especially critical in the permitting process where cases of government overreach run rampant.

Reducing Bureaucratic Red Tape to Building and Development by Establishing an Expedited Appeals Process for Permitting Decisions.

This bill provides camp operators with legal immunity from any harm or injury a camper at a recreational park may sustain due to the inherent risk of camping. Examples include injuries due to unpredictable terrain, weather conditions, campfires, lack of lighting and wildlife. The bill requires visible signs to be posted to provide notice that a camp operator is not liable. Support is the Limited Government Position as protecting business operators from frivolous litigation due to factors outside of their control is critical to ensuring their operation and maintaining low consumer costs.

Reducing Frivolous Litigation by Providing Liability Protections to Camp Operators.

This bill contains provisions that provide greater ability for citizens and lawmakers to challenge executive branch regulations and actions. First, the bill allows challenges to government agencies\' orders to take place in the county where the business or individual resides. Currently, all challenges must be heard in Columbus. Second, the bill gives the General Assembly the ability to hire its own lawyers to defend state laws, rather than rely on the attorney general. Support is the Limited Government Position as this bill helps provide citizens and lawmakers greater ability to challenge executive branch regulations and actions. Checks on government power are critical to maintaining a small and limited government.

Providing Citizens and Lawmakers Greater Ability to Challenge Executive Branch Regulations and Actions.

This resolution amends the state's Constitution to change how bail determinations are made, which will be presented before voters in the 2022 election. Under existing law, the state supreme court has governed the practice based on constitutional language requiring "sufficient sureties". This resolution requires courts to consider factors such as public safety, the seriousness of the offense, a person\'s criminal record, and a person\'s likelihood of returning to court when setting the amount of bail. Support is the Limited Government Position as upholding law and order and ensuring public safety serve as essential components of government. This resolution contains a key provision requiring the court to "consider public safety" when setting bail, a component that some individuals not committed to public safety have opposed.

Increasing Public Safety through a Constitutional Amendment Reforming how Bail Determinations are Made.

This resolution urges the U.S. Congress and President to support investing in the necessary resources to "ensure secure, strong and sustainable borders". The resolution also highlights human trafficking is a daily occurrence at the southwestern border and that Ohio ranks among the ten worst states in the nation for human trafficking. Support is the Limited Government Position as the promotion of an open-border immigration system places an immense strain on U.S. infrastructure and taxpayer resources, ranging from welfare to the education system, while also creating serious national security and human trafficking issues. Lawmakers should focus on growing the U.S. economy through reforms to the immigration system that both increase the number of skilled individuals who may enter and work in our country and reduce human trafficking across our borders.

Urging the Federal Government to Fulfill its Constitutional Duty to Secure our Nation's Borders and Reduce Human Trafficking.

This bill increases the amount of historic building rehabilitation tax credits that may be issued from $60 million to $120 million, while also authorizing the Director of Development to issue several new credit enhancements. Furthermore, the bill expands eligibility for the Ohio opportunity zone investment tax credit and increases the cap on the program from $50 million to $75 million for the fiscal year. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as taxpayers should not be forced to pay for the renovation costs of privately-owned buildings that certain government officials may deem "historic". Additionally, the free-market - not government central planning via "opportunity zones" - is the best mechanism to direct capital where it will provide the greatest return on investment. Instead of this tax cronyism, lawmakers should reduce zoning and regulatory barriers while improving public safety to spur redevelopment.

Expanding Cronyism by Hiking Subsidies and Payouts Under the Historic Building and Opportunity Zone Tax Credit Programs.

This bill expands the state's Ag-LINK by eliminating the $150,000 cap on individual loans and making agricultural cooperatives now eligible to borrow. This program provides loans to certain agricultural businesses with interest rates three percent below the market. Financial institutions provide the businesses with the reduced rates in exchange for a corresponding certificate of deposit or investment by the State Treasurer. The Treasurer accepts a lower return for the state's deposit or investment, which allows the loans to be offered at such a large discount to the agricultural businesses. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as it is not the role of government to engage in financial lending for private business endeavors. Additionally, this scheme provides a competitive advantage to select industries and businesses while harming taxpayers through much lower returns on their investments. All funds controlled by the State Treasurer should be prudentially invested to ensure the greatest financial returns to taxpayers.

Reducing Taxpayer Investment Returns and Worsening Cronyism by Expanding the State's Agricultural Linked Deposit Program (Ag-LINK).

This bill requires that each state agency reduces the regulatory restrictions contained in its rules by 30% by June 30, 2025. If an agency fails to achieve the reduction by that date the agency must eliminate two restrictions before enacting a new rule containing a restriction. The bill is partially in response to a study that found Ohio has the fourth most regulations out of over 40 states evaluated. Support is the Limited Government Position as the state is overburdening its economy through excessive regulations, as evident by its top-five regulatory ranking. This bill serves as a key mechanism to reduce the size and scope of government by eliminating unnecessary regulations implemented by government employees who are not accountable to voters.

Spurring Economic Growth by Requiring State Agencies to Reduce their Regulations by 30% by 2025.

This capital project appropriations bill contains $3.51 billion in spending while authorizing $2.28 billion in new state debt. Most notably, the bill contains a $600 million onshoring incentive grant to Intel Corporation to entice the company to build a semiconductor plant in Central Ohio. Altogether, Intel is expected to benefit from over $2 billion in various tax breaks and infrastructure benefits. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as these types of policies provide competitive advantages to select companies and industries, shift tax burdens to other individuals and businesses not favored by government, and plunge the state further into debt. Instead of expanding government central planning, lawmakers should reduce tax rates for all companies and remove regulatory barriers so the free market can spur investment.

Expanding Cronyism and Out-of-Control Spending through a Bloated Capital Projects Budget that Provides over $600 million in Subsidies to Intel Corporation.

This bill contains a number of provisions that reduce state regulations on ephemeral water features (i.e.streams that are typically at the edge of the watershed and only flow after heavy rain). As a result, the state now mirrors the standards established by the federal government under the Clean Water Act. The state of Ohio has 36,000 miles of ephemeral streams. Support is the Limited Government Position as this bill strengthens property rights by reducing excessive regulations that have hindered development and driven up housing costs. Even so, additional reforms still need to be made to the Clean Water Act.

Strengthening Property Rights through the Removal of Overreaching State Regulations on Ephemeral Streams.

This bill establishes a list of new regulations and governing requirements for condominium unit owners associations (UOAs) and home owners associations (HOAs). For example, the bill places new restrictions on owner representation on HOA and UOA boards and prohibits restrictions on things such as solar panels. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as it is not the role of government to dictate the private contractual agreements and operations of HOAs and UOAs. HOAs serve as free-market alternatives to government zoning and land use standards, as individuals can choose the restrictiveness of the community they wish to join or select to live on property outside the governance of an HOA.

Infringing Private Contracting Rights through Government Overreach into the Governance Practices of Private Homeowners Associations.

This bill authorizes alcoholic beverages to be sold at certain automotive drag racing events. Specifically, the bill allows issuance of D-9 liquor permits to establishments that seat at least 2,000 individuals and are hosting automotive events. Support is the Limited Government Position as this measure strengthens individual liberties and improves attendee experiences at automotive events while maintaining public safety.

Strengthening Individual Liberties by Authorizing Alcoholic Beverage Sales at Automotive Drag Racing Events.

This bill requires all health insurance policies offered in the state to provide additional coverages concerning screening mammography (to detect breast cancer) and cytologic screening (to detect cervical cancer). Specifically, the bill eliminates certain coverage limits and requires supplemental screenings including digital breast tomosynthesis. The bill also requires the state's Medicaid system (government-provided healthcare) to also provide all of the new coverages. Oppose is the Limited Government Position as each and every health insurance mandate or price control on co-payments prevents individuals from selecting plans with just basic or customized coverages to fit their specific needs. As a result, health insurers are forced to only offer costly plans loaded with coverages that most individuals do not need. This can result in lower-income or younger individuals choosing to purchase no insurance plan at all due to the high cost.

Stephen A. Huffman

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